java 415 Unsupported Media Type问题解决

在Java中，如果你遇到415 Unsupported Media Type错误，通常是因为你发送的请求的Content-Type不正确。以下是使用Java发送HTTP请求的常见方式，以及如何正确设置Content-Type以避免该错误。

使用HttpURLConnection

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpPostExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://example.com/api");
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 设置正确的Content-Type

            String jsonInputString = "{\"key1\":\"value1\", \"key2\":\"value2\"}";

            try (OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream()) {
                byte[] input = jsonInputString.getBytes("utf-8");
                os.write(input, 0, input.length);
            }

            int code = conn.getResponseCode();
            System.out.println(code);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用HttpClient (Apache HttpComponents)

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

public class HttpClientExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            HttpPost request = new HttpPost("http://example.com/api");
            request.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 设置正确的Content-Type

            String json = "{\"key1\":\"value1\", \"key2\":\"value2\"}";
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json);
            request.setEntity(entity);

            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println(result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用HttpClient (Java 11及以上版本)

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest.BodyPublishers;

public class Java11HttpClientExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
            String json = "{\"key1\":\"value1\", \"key2\":\"value2\"}";

            HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                    .uri(new URI("http://example.com/api"))
                    .header("Content-Type", "application/json") // 设置正确的Content-Type
                    .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(json))
                    .build();

            HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
            System.out.println(response.statusCode());
            System.out.println(response.body());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

检查服务器端

确保服务器端期望接收到的Content-Type确实是你所设置的类型。如果服务器端要求特定的Content-Type，客户端必须匹配这一类型。

其他建议

1. 调试工具：使用Postman或cURL工具手动发送请求，确保服务器端工作正常且返回预期响应。
2. 日志记录：在服务器端开启详细的日志记录，查看收到的请求头信息，帮助诊断问题。

通过以上方法，你应该能够解决415 Unsupported Media Type错误。如果问题依然存在，请提供更多上下文或服务器端期望的具体Content-Type信息。