初识springmvc

1springmvc的优点

1.轻量级，简单易学

2.高效，基于请求相应的mvc框架

3.与spring兼容性好

4.约定由于配置

5.功能强大

6.简洁灵活

2springmvc执行流程

3.springmvc入门

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--全局初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
  <!-- <listener>
        <listener-class>com.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
    <!--配置springmvc的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.前端控制器

 Spring的web框架围绕DispatcherServlet设计。DispatcherServlet的作用是将请求分发到不同的处理器。从Spring 2.5开始，使用Java 5或者以上版本的用户可以采用基于注解的controller声明方式。

Spring MVC框架像许多其他MVC框架一样, 以请求为驱动 , 围绕一个中心Servlet分派请求及提供其他功能，DispatcherServlet是一个实际的Servlet (它继承自HttpServlet 基类)。

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5.ContextLoaderListener类

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
    public ContextLoaderListener() {
    }

    public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        this.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
        this.closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
        ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
    }
}

他用了javaweb自带的组件listener监听器在启动服务器就会初始化spring容器，只是springweb帮我们做了这件事，我们可以自己做
实现过程：
把spring容器保存到servletContext域中

package com.listener;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        //读取web.xml中的全局参数
        String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
        //将spring的应用上下文对象存储到ServletContext域中
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
        System.out.println("重启创建完毕！");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

public class WebApplicationContextUtils {

    public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext){
        return  (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
    }
}

web层获取spring容器：

@WebServlet("/demo1")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {

    /*@Autowired
    UserService userService;
*/
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

         ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
         //ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        //UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        /*WebApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.say();*/
        //userService.say();

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

}