c程序设计语言设计习题解答第一章

test 1-6

验证表达式 getchar() != EOF 的值是 0 还是 1。

//test1-6

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
	int c;
	//持续输入字符，直至输入EOF
	while (c = getchar() != EOF)
	{
		printf("when getchar is not EOF,c=%d\n", c);
	}
	printf("when getchar is EOF,c=%d\n", c);
}

 运行结果

test 1-7

编写一个打印 EOF 值的程序

int main()
{
	printf(" EOF is %d\n", EOF);
}

运行结果 

 test 1-8

编写一个统计空格、制表符与换行符个数的程序

int main()
{
	//对字符进行计数
	int char_Num, space_Num, tab_Num, enter_Num,letter_Num;
	int c = 0;
	char_Num = 0;
	space_Num = 0;
	tab_Num = 0;
	enter_Num = 0;
	letter_Num = 0;

	while ((c=getchar()) != EOF)
	{
		char_Num++;
		if (c == ' ')
		{
			space_Num++;
		}
		else if (c == '\t')
		{
			tab_Num++;
		}
		else if (c == '\n')
		{
			enter_Num++;
		}
		else if ((c != ' ') && (c != '\t') && (c != '\n'))
		{
			letter_Num++;
		}
	}
	printf("character number is %d\n", char_Num);
	printf("space number is %d\n", space_Num);
	printf("tab number is %d\n", tab_Num);
	printf("enter number is %d\n", enter_Num);
	printf("letter number is %d\n", letter_Num);
}

 test 1-9

编写一个将输入复制到输出的程序，并将其中连续的多个空格 用一个空格代 替。

int main()
{
    int c;
    
    while ((c = getchar())!= EOF)
    {
        putchar(c);
        while (c == ' ')
        {
            //如果c是空格，读取下一个字符，下一个字符不是空格则输出，仍是空格就继续读取
            c = getchar();
            if (c != ' ')
            {
                putchar(c);
            }
        }
    }
}

 test 1-10

编写一个将输入复制到输出的程序，并将其中的制表符替换 为\t，把回退符 替换为\b，把反斜杠替按为\\。这样可以将制表符和回退 符以可见的方式显示出来。

int main()
{
	int c;
	//用getchar无法捕获回退符，使用getch可以
	//getchar按下回车后才开始获取，getch是每个字符都获取
	while ((c = getch()) != EOF)
	{

		if (c == '\t')
		{
			printf("\\t");
		}
		if (c == '\b')
		{
			printf("\\b");
		}
		if (c == '\\')
		{
			printf("\\");
		}
		putchar(c);
	}
}

 test 1-11

你准备如何测试单词计数程序?如果程序中存在某种错误，那么什么样的输入最可能发现这类错误呢？

#include<stdio.h>

#define START 0
#define END   1

int main()
{

	int char_Num, line_Num, word_Num;
	int c = 0;
	int inputFlag = START;
	int lastChar = 0;
	char_Num = 0;
	line_Num = 0;
	word_Num = 0;


	while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
	{
		if (char_Num == 0)
		{
			lastChar = c;//第一个字符,只进一次
		}
		char_Num++;
		if (c == '\n')
		{
			line_Num++;
		}
		if (c == ' ' ||c=='\n'||c=='\t')
		{
			if ((lastChar != ' ') && (lastChar != '\n') && (lastChar != '\t'))
			{
				inputFlag = END;
			}
			else
			{
				inputFlag = START;
			}
		}
		if (inputFlag == END)
		{
			word_Num++;
			inputFlag = START;
		}
		lastChar = c;
	}
	printf("character number is %d\n", char_Num);
	printf("line number is %d\n", line_Num);
	printf("word number is %d\n", word_Num);

}

 test 1-12

编写一个程序，以每行一个单词的形式打印其输入。

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{

	int c = 0;

	while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
	{

		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t')
		{
			c ='\n';			
		}
		putchar(c);
	}

}

 test 1-13

编写一个程序，打印输入中单词长度的直方图。水平方向的 直方图比较容易 绘制，垂直方向的直方图则要困难些

//垂直长度直方图
#include<stdio.h>

#define START 0
#define END   1
#define MAXLENGTH 20
#define MAX_WORD_NUM 20

int main()
{
	int word[MAX_WORD_NUM] = { 0 };
	int char_Num, word_Num, high;
	int c = 0;
	int i = 0;
	int inputFlag = START;
	int lastChar = 0;
	char_Num = 0;
	word_Num = 0;
	high = 0;


	while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
	{
		if (char_Num == 0)
		{
			lastChar = c;//第一个字符,只进一次
		}
		char_Num++;
		if (c != ' ' && c != '\n' && c != '\t')
		{
			word[i]++;
		}
		if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
		{
			if ((lastChar != ' ') && (lastChar != '\n') && (lastChar != '\t'))
			{
				inputFlag = END;
			}
			i++;
		}
		if (inputFlag == END)
		{
			word_Num++;
			inputFlag = START;
		}
		lastChar = c;
	}

	printf("word number is %d\n", word_Num);
	for (int i = 0; i < word_Num; i++)
	{
		if (word[i] > high)
		{
			high = word[i];
		}
	}
	//从最高的一行开始打印（横着打印）
	//每打印一行最大高度就减一
	for (int j = high; j >= 0; j--)
	{
		for (int k = 0; k < word_Num; k++)
		{
			//如果单词长度小于最大长度就打印空格
			if (word[k] < j)
			{
				printf("       ");
			}
			if((word[k] >= j)&&(j != 0))
			{
				printf("  *    ");
			}
			if (j == 0)
			{
				printf("word:%d ", k);
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

//水平直方图
#include<stdio.h>

#define START 0
#define END   1
#define MAXLENGTH 20

int main()
{

	int char_Num, word_Num;
	int c = 0;
	int inputFlag = START;
	int lastChar = 0;
	char_Num = 0;
	word_Num = 0;
	int word[10] = { 0, };
	int i = 0;

	while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
	{
		if (char_Num == 0)
		{
			lastChar = c;//第一个字符,只进一次
		}
		char_Num++;
		if (c != ' ' || c != '\n' || c != '\t')
		{
			word[i]++;
		}
		if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
		{
			if ((lastChar != ' ') && (lastChar != '\n') && (lastChar != '\t'))
			{
				inputFlag = END;
			}
			else
			{
				inputFlag = START;
			}
			i++;
		}
		if (inputFlag == END)
		{
			word_Num++;
			inputFlag = START;
		}
		lastChar = c;
	}

	printf("word number is %d\n", word_Num);
	for (int j = 0; j < word_Num; j++)
	{
		printf("word %d :", j);
		for (; word[j] > 0; word[j]--)
		{
			printf("*");
		}
		printf("\n");
	}

}

 test 1-14

 编写一个程序，打印输入中各个字符出现频度的直方图。

//水平直方图
#include<stdio.h>

#define START 0
#define END   1
#define MAXLENGTH 20

int main()
{

	int c = 0;
	int character[26] = { 0, };
	int character_Num = 26;
	
	while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
		{
			if (c == ('A' + i) || c == ('a' + i))
			{
				character[i]++;
			}
		}

	}

	for (int j = 0; j < character_Num; j++)
	{
		printf("character %c :", 'A' + j);
		for (; character[j] > 0; character[j]--)
		{
			printf("*");
		}
		printf("\n");
	}

}

 

test 1-15 

重新编写 1.2 节中的温度转换程序，使用函数实现温度转换计算。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<stdio.h>

float Temperature1(float f);
float Temperature2(float c);
int main()
{

	float fahr,celsius;
	fahr = 0;
	celsius = 0;
	printf("please input fahr\n");
	scanf_s("%f",&fahr);

	celsius = Temperature1(fahr);
	printf("%f\t %f\n", fahr, celsius);

	printf("please input celsius\n");
	scanf_s("%f", &celsius);

	celsius = Temperature2(celsius);
	printf("%f\t %f\n", fahr, celsius);
	
}

//华氏温度转换为摄氏温度
float Temperature1(float f)
{
	return 5 * (f - 32) / 9;	 
}

//摄氏温度转换为华氏温度
float Temperature2(float c)
{
	return (c * 9) / 5 + 32;
}