数学建模学习笔记02之席位分配问题的Hamilton方法与Matlab语言实现

分配问题是日常生活中经常遇到的问题，它涉及如何将有限的人力或其他资源以“完整的部分”分配到下属部门或各项不同任务中，分配问题涉及的内容十分广泛。例如：大到召开全国人民代表大会，小到某学校召开学生代表大会，均涉及到将代表名额分配到各个下属部门的问题。代表名额的分配（亦称为席位分配问题）是数学在人类政治生活中的一个重要应用，应归属于政治模型。一个自然的问题是如何分配代表名额才是公平的呢？

数学描述

数学模型

引子

matlab代码实现

% Solutions to the problem of equitable distribution
% Hamilton method 
% Allocation of seats by Hamilton method
%note:For the problem that there are multiple organizations with the same number of people, please combine the organizations with the same number of people and divide them equally after calculating the seats.
% # Define basic parameters
% # Numbers of places are N
N=20;
% # numbers of organizations are s
s=3;
% The number of people in the ith Organization (the default sorting is in descending order)
numbers=[103 63 34];
sizeofnumbers=size(numbers);
% define result matrix
result=zeros(sizeofnumbers(1,1),sizeofnumbers(1,2));
% # solve some parameter first
% the total numbers of all organizations
total_numbers=sum(numbers);
%use this matrix to storage integer part of the result
result=N*(numbers/total_numbers);
integer=fix(N*(numbers/total_numbers));
% process the fractional part of the result
% denfine fraction matrix
temp=result-integer;
% Number of places to be processed && Ni-[Ni]
num_to_process=N-sum(integer);
frac=zeros(sizeofnumbers(1,1),sizeofnumbers(1,2));
% when number to process is zero,loop finish
while num_to_process
    [Maxvalue,index]=max(temp);
    if temp(index)==-1 
        break
    end
    frac(index)=1;
    temp(index)=-1;
    num_to_process=num_to_process-1;
end
result=integer+frac;
%output
disp('席位分配结果：');
disp(result)

运行结果