C++课程设计：实现学生考勤管理系统

功能描述：某实验室对学生每天的学习时间进行管理,记录其到达时间和其离开时间。两个时间之间的时间段作为其当天的学习时间。设计一个考勤管理系统。
功能要求：
1.信息录入功能，提示用户逐项输入学生信息，并检查输入信息的合法性(如时、分、秒的取值范围)，同时以分为单位计算每位同学的学习时间；
2.考勤信息浏览功能，显示所有人的考勤情况；
3.排序功能，按学习时间长短进行排序并显示
4.使用菜单选择操作，方便用户查看不同任务的解决方法以及结果；
5.将处理后的数据信息保存到data.txt文件中。

// 学生考勤管理系统课程设计
#include<iostream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include<fstream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

class Student {
protected:
    string name;             //姓名
    string number;           //学号
    int    reachHour;        //签到小时
    int    reachMinute;       //签到分钟
    int    reachSecond;      //签到秒数
    int    leaveHour;      //签退小时
    int    leaveMinute;    //签退分钟
    int    leaveSecond;    //签退秒数
    int    time;          //学习时长 
    int    rank;          //排名
public:
    static int count;//总人数
    /*构造函数
    初始化变量*/
    Student(){
       //构造函数对数据成员初始化
        name = " ";
        number = " ";
        reachHour  =0;
        reachMinute=0;
        reachSecond=0;
        leaveHour=0;
        leaveMinute=0;
        leaveSecond=0;
        time=0;
        rank=0;
    }
    //设置信息函数
    bool set_name         (string);
    bool set_number      (string);
    bool set_reachHour    (int);
    bool set_reachMinute  (int);
    bool set_reachSecond  (int);
    bool set_leaveHour    (int);
    bool set_leaveMinute  (int);
    bool set_leaveSecond  (int);
    bool set_time     (int);
    bool set_rank         (int);
    //获取信息函数
    string get_name();
    string get_number();
    int    get_reachHour();
    int    get_reachMinute();
    int    get_reachSecond();
    int    get_leaveHour();
    int    get_leaveMinute();
    int    get_leaveSecond();
    int    get_time();
    int    get_rank();
};
int Student::count = 0;
//显示菜单函数
void ShowInterface() {
    cout <<"显示内容"<< endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "********考勤管理系统统计********" << endl;
    cout << " " << "请输入相应字母执行功能！" << endl;
    cout << " " << "L:信息录入(Log in)" << endl;
    cout << " " << "O:输出(Output)" << endl;
    cout << " " << "E:退出(Exit)" << endl;
    cout << "********************************" << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
}
//登记信息函数
Student* Registration() {
    Student* pall = new Student[100]; //定义一个全局指针对象并动态分配空间
    Student* temp; //定义动态空间对象
    string info;
    int timeIn = NULL;
    temp = new Student;
    cout << "输入学号" << endl;
    cin >> info;//输入参数
    temp->set_number(info);
    cout << "输入姓名" << endl;
    cin >> info;//输入参数
    temp->set_name(info);
    cout << "***到达时间(按提示依次录入时,分,秒)***" << endl;
    cout << "到达整点" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;//输入参数
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 24) {
        temp->set_reachHour(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_reachHour(timeIn);
    }

    cout << "到达分钟" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_reachMinute(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_reachMinute(timeIn);
    }
    cout << "到达秒数" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_reachSecond(timeIn);
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_reachSecond(timeIn);
    }

    cout << "***离开时间(按提示依次录入时,分,秒)***" << endl;
    cout << "离开整点" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 24) {
        temp->set_leaveHour(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_leaveHour(timeIn);
    }

    cout << "离开分钟" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_leaveMinute(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_leaveMinute(timeIn);
    }
    cout << "离开秒数" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_leaveSecond(timeIn);
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_leaveSecond(timeIn);
    }
    
    
    cout << endl << "信息录入成功=^_^=" << endl;
    
    return temp;
}

void ResearchTime(Student* temp) {

    int reschT = (((temp->get_leaveHour()) * 60 + temp->get_leaveMinute()-(temp->get_reachHour()) * 60 + temp->get_reachMinute()));
    temp->set_time(reschT);
    int i = 0;
    i += 1;
    temp->set_rank(i);

}
void Sort() {
    Student* pall = new Student[100]; //定义一个全局指针对象并动态分配空间
    int count = Student::count;
    Student temp;
    //算法：选择排序法
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
            if (pall[i].get_time() < pall[j].get_time()) {
                temp = pall[i];
                pall[i] = pall[j];
                pall[j] = temp;

            }
        }

    }
}
void save(Student* temp) {
    ofstream os;//输出文件流操作对象

    os.open("data.txt", ios::app); //以追加的方式建立并打开文件“data.txt”
    os << endl;
    Sort();
    os << setw(2) << "学生学号:" << temp->get_number() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "学生姓名:" << temp->get_name() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "签到时间:" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_reachHour();
    os << ":" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_reachMinute() << ":";
    os << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_reachSecond() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "签退时间:" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_leaveHour();
    os << ":" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_leaveMinute() << ":";
    os << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_leaveSecond() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "学习时长:" << temp->get_time() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "时间排名:" << temp->get_rank() << endl;
    temp++; //一个对象输出完成后，使对象指针指向下一个对象
    os.close();//关闭文件

}
void show() {

   
    filebuf* pbuf;
    ifstream is;
    long size;
    char* buffer;
    if (!is) {
        cout << "读取不到" << endl;
    }
    //采用二进制读取整个文件
    is.open("data.txt", ios::binary);
    Sort();
    // 获取filestr对应buffer对象的指针   
    pbuf = is.rdbuf();
    // 调用buffer对象方法获取文件大小  
    size = pbuf->pubseekoff(0, ios::end, ios::in);
    pbuf->pubseekpos(0, ios::in);
    // 分配内存空间  
    buffer = new char[size];
    // 获取文件内容  
    pbuf->sgetn(buffer, size);
    is.close();
    // 输出到标准输出  
    cout.write(buffer, size);
    delete[]buffer;
    
  /*
  Student* pall = new Student[100]; //定义一个全局指针对象并动态分配空间
   int count = Student::count;
   Sort();
   for (int  i = 0; i < count; i++)
   {
       cout << pall[i].get_number() << "    " << pall[i].get_name() << "    ";
       cout << pall[i].get_reachHour() << ":" << pall[i].get_reachMinute() << ":" 
            << pall[i].get_reachSecond() << "      ";

       cout << pall[i].get_leaveHour() << ":" << pall[i].get_leaveMinute() << ":" 
            << pall[i].get_leaveSecond() << "  " << pall[i].get_time()  << "  ";
       cout << i + 1 << endl; //显示对象的排名即排名多少第几次输出
   }
    */

}

int main()
{
    Student s;
    Student* temp = NULL;
    int i = 1;
    char input = 'e';
    input = 'i';
    while (input != 'e') {
        ShowInterface();
        cin >> input;
        input = tolower(input);//大写转义为小写
        switch (input)
        {
        case 'l':
            cout << "信息录入：" << endl;
            temp = Registration();
            ResearchTime(temp);
            save(temp);
            break;
        case 'o':
            show();
            cout << endl << "信息读取成功^_^按提示信息进行其他操作" << endl;
            break;
        case'e':
            cout << "谢谢使用，再见!" << endl;
            system("pause");
            exit(0);
            break;
        default:
            cout << "输入有误" << endl;
            break;
        }

    }
   system("pause");
    return 0;
}

bool Student::set_name(string a)
{
    name = a;
    count++;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_number(string b)
{
    number = b;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_reachHour(int c)
{
    reachHour = c;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_reachMinute(int d)
{
    reachMinute = d;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_reachSecond(int e)
{
    reachSecond = e;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_leaveHour(int f)
{
    leaveHour = f;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_leaveMinute(int g)
{
    leaveMinute = g;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_leaveSecond(int h)
{
    leaveSecond = h;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_time(int i)
{
    time = i;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_rank(int j)
{
    rank = j;
    return true;
}

string Student::get_name()
{
    return name;
}

string Student::get_number()
{
    return number;
}

int Student::get_reachHour()
{
    return reachHour;
}

int Student::get_reachMinute()
{
    return reachMinute;
}

int Student::get_reachSecond()
{
    return reachSecond;
}

int Student::get_leaveHour()
{
    return leaveHour;
}

int Student::get_leaveMinute()
{
    return leaveMinute;
}

int Student::get_leaveSecond()
{
    return leaveSecond;
}

int Student::get_time()
{
    return time;
}

int Student::get_rank()
{
    rank = count;
    return rank;
}