CentOS安装Python3

一、文章来源

https://blog.csdn.net/lws123253/article/details/81272449
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133459/article/details/125316142

二、第一篇博客方法

说明：python2和python3各有特点，目前很多库支持较多的还是python2，站在学习的角度，建议大家两个版本都保留着。

输入Python命令，查看可以得知我的本机是Python2.6.6版本

[root@localhost Python-3.6.2]# python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jan 22 2014, 09:37:14) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

输入which python
可以查看位置，一般是位于/usr/bin/python目录下。
下面介绍安装Python3的方法：

注意：以下所有命令请单条执行

1、首先安装依赖包

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
 
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

2、建立一个空文件夹（个人可以根据自己的情况安装在不同的位置）,并进入该目录

  mkdir /usr/local/python3

  cd /usr/local/python3

3、根据自己需求下载不同版本的Python3，我下载的是Python3.6.2

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz

4、解压压缩包，会发现在该目录新生成了一个目录叫Python-3.6.2，然后安装Python3

tar -xvJf  Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install

5、最后创建软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

6、在命令行中输入python3测试

[lws@localhost local]$ python3
Python 3.6.2 (default, Jul 29 2018, 09:24:24) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

同样的，我们的python2版本也仍旧在：

[lws@localhost local]$ python2
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jan 22 2014, 09:37:14) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

当我们需要使用不同的python版本的时候，就可以通过命令行输入python2或者python3来开启相应的版本。

三、第二篇博客方法

1.下载python包

wget  https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.10/Python-3.9.10.tgz

2.下载python3编译的依赖包

yum install -y gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel  zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

3.解压缩源码包

tar -zxvf /usr/local/software/tars/Python-3.9.10.tgz

4.创建python的安装目录

mkdir -p  /usr/local/software/python

5.移动解压后的Python源码包到python目录

mv  /usr/local/software/tars/Python-3.9.10   /usr/local/software/python

6.进入解压后的目录并且执行

cd /usr/local/software/python/Python-3.9.10
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/software/python/  # 指定安装目为/usr/local/software/python/

7.编译

make

8.编译安装

make install

9.添加linux环境变量 使用root账号

vi /etc/profile
 
在末尾添加
 
#python
 
PATH=/usr/local/software/python/bin:$PATH
 
保存后  执行
source /etc/profile

10.修改python的链接指向

mv /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.bak
 
ln -s /usr/local/software/python/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3