Spring Cloud 学习后终结

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-12 22:18:06 发布

想吃凤梨酥

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-12 22:18:06 发布

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因为Spring Cloud 有些组件停止更新了，所有现在最新教学都直接使用Spring Cloud Alibaba进行教学
Spring Cloud Alibaba版本说明表可以在这里查询到相对应的版本说明
在这里插入图片描述
Spring Cloud Alibaba文档说明可以在这里查询并引入相对应的依赖

结合这两个，微服务父级目录就出来了，复制pom.xml文件，对应版本在上面的Spring Cloud Alibaba版本说明表里选

如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>open.source.test</groupId>
    <artifactId>nacos-discovery-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>nacos-discovery-test</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <!-- Spring Cloud Alibaba、Spring Cloud、Spring Boot的对应版本 -->
        <spring.boot.version>2.6.3</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2021.0.1.0</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

技术选型

服务注册中心：Nacos（注册中心的作用一句话概括就是存放和调度服务,实现服务和注册中心,服务和服务之间的相互通信。）
远程调用使用：OpenFeign（发起请求）
负载均衡：OpenFeign（包含有，要使用 loadbalancer，Ribbon新版本不在使用）（解决集群服务中，多个服务高效率访问的问题）
熔断器：OpenFeign（包含有）（服务熔断降级处理，保护微服务，防止雪崩效应发生）
网关：gateway（易于监控。易于认证。减少了客户端与各个微服务之间的交互次数。）
服务配置Config：Nacos（配置中心就是一种统一管理各种应用配置的基础服务组件）
服务总线Bus改为Nacos
分布式事务：Seata（解决服务之间事务问题）

Nacos

nacos下载地址

startup.cmd练习改用单机模式
在这里插入图片描述

点击启动
在这里插入图片描述
浏览器访问路径：http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos

账号密码都是：nacos

服务配置Config
在这里插入图片描述
注册中心服务列表

基础目录搭建

父工程`cloud-alibaba-test`

引入是现在最新的对应版本的 Spring Cloud Alibaba ，他的pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>feign-api</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
        <module>provider01</module>
        <module>provider02</module>
        <module>gateway</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <!-- Spring Cloud Alibaba、Spring Cloud、Spring Boot的对应版本 -->
        <spring.boot.version>2.6.3</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2021.0.1.0</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

子工程提供者`provide01`

`pom.xml`文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>provider01</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 服务配置Config： nacos-config 依赖包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 加载 bootstrap 文件 依赖包，spring-cloud-dependencies 2020.0.0 版本不在默认加载bootstrap 文件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

配置文件`bootstrap.yml` `application.yml`

bootstrap.yml

server:
  port: 6060
spring:
  application:
    name: provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848     # Nacos服务注册中心地址
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848     # Nacos作为配置中心地址
        file-extension: yaml      # 指定yaml格式的配置 , 从nacos配置中心读取yaml配置文件

application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev # 表示开发环境
    #active: test # 表示测试环境
    #active: product # 表示生产环境

启动类 `Provider01Application`

package com.liu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient      // 开启 nacos
public class Provider01Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Provider01Application.class,args);
    }
}

控制层Controller

package com.liu.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@RefreshScope //支持Nacos的动态刷新功能。
public class UserController {

    @Value("${config.info}")
    private String configInfo;

    @GetMapping("/find/{id}")
    public String findById(@PathVariable(value = "id") String id){
        // http://127.0.0.1:6060/user/find/1
        return "我是Provider01，传过来的id是："+ id+"。我加了：服务配置Config：版本好是："+ configInfo;
    }
}

子工程提供者`provide02`

`pom.xml`文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>provider02</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

配置文件`application.yml`

server:
  port: 6061
spring:
  application:
    name: provider

  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*' # 开启监控

启动类 `Provider02Application`

package com.liu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient      // 开启 nacos
public class Provider02Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Provider02Application.class,args);
    }
}

控制层Controller

package com.liu.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @GetMapping("/find/{id}")
    public String findById(@PathVariable(value = "id") String id){
        // http://127.0.0.1:6060/user/find/1
        return "我是Provider02，传过来的id是："+ id;
    }
}

子工程远程调用模块 `feign-api`

`pom.xml`文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>feign-api</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 配置feign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 这是因为由于SpringCloud Feign在Hoxton.M2 RELEASED版本之后不再使用Ribbon而是使用spring-cloud-loadbalancer -->
        <!-- 所以不引入spring-cloud-loadbalancer会报错 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

配置文件`application.yml`

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true     # 开启Feign的熔断功能
  compression:
    request:
      enabled: true   # 开启请求压缩
      mime-types: text/html,application/xml,application/json        # 设置压缩的数据类型
      min-request-size: 2048        # 设置触发压缩的大小下限
      #以上数据类型，压缩大小下限均为默认值
    response:
      enabled: true   # 响应压缩
# com.liu.consumer 包下的日志级别都为Debug
logging:
  level:
    com.atguigu: debug

feign层

UserClient访问接口

package com.liu.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

// fallback(熔断器)
// value 是 服务名称
@FeignClient(value = "provider",fallback = UserClientFallback.class)   //标记为feign接口
public interface UserClient {
    @GetMapping("/user/find/{id}")
    public String userFind(@PathVariable(value = "id") String id);
}

UserClientFallback服务熔断回滚类

package com.liu.feign;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class UserClientFallback implements UserClient {
    public String userFind(String id) {
        return "服务熔断了";
    }
}

子工程消费者`consumer`

`pom.xml`文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置文件`application.yml`

server:
  port: 7070
spring:
  application:
    name: consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848

启动类 `ConsumerApplication`

package com.liu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient      // 开启 nacos
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.liu.feign"})   // 开启 feign
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class,args);
    }
}

控制层Controller

package com.liu.controller;

import com.liu.feign.UserClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserClient userClient;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public String findById(@PathVariable(value = "id") String id){
        return userClient.userFind(id);
    }
}

子工程网关`gateway`

`pom.xml`文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>gateway</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--使用nacos + ribbon做负载均衡时添加的loadbalancer依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--网关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

配置文件`application.yml`

server:
  port: 7071

# 给注册中心起名字
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848

    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: user-service-route
          #路由的服务地址
          uri: lb://consumer
          order: 0
          predicates:
            - Path=/user/**
      discovery:
        locafor: enable=true

启动类 `ConsumerApplication`

package com.liu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class,args);
    }
}

想吃凤梨酥

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Spring Cloud 学习后终结

因为Spring Cloud 有些组件停止更新了，所有现在最新教学都直接使用Spring Cloud Alibaba进行教学Spring Cloud Alibaba版本说明表可以在这里查询到相对应的版本说明Spring Cloud Alibaba文档说明可以在这里查询并引入相对应的依赖...
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