原始DAO开发问题
1.存在大量模板方法,设想能否将这些代码提取出来
2.调用sqlsession方法时将1statement的id硬编码了
3.调用SQLSession方法时传入的变量,由于sqlsession方法使用泛型,即使变量类型传入错误,在编译阶段也不报错,不利于程序员开发。
为了解决上述问题使用mapper接口方式开发
mapper代理方法(程序员只需要mapper接口(相当于dao接口))
实现原理
Mapper接口开发方法只需要程序员编写Mapper接口(相当于Dao接口)由Mybatis框架根据接口定义创建接口的动态代理对象,代理对象的方法同上边Dao接口实现类方法
1.Mapper.xml文件中的 namespace 与 mapper接口路径相同
cn.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper
2.Mapper接口方法名与每个定义的statement的id相同
findUserById
3.Mapper接口方法的输入参类型 和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的paramentType的类型相同
int
4.Mapper接口方法的输出参数 和resultType类型相同
cn.mybatis.po.User
如
<mapper namespace="cn.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="findUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where id=#{value}
</select>
</mapper>
eg
1.新建UserMapper接口
public interface UserMapper {
public User findUserById(int id) throws Exception;
public List<User> findUserByName(String username) throws Exception;
public void insertUser(User user) throws Exception;
}
2.新建映射mapper:UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="findUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where id=#{value}
</select>
<select id="findUserByName" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where username like '%${value}%'
</select>
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
<!-- 将插入数据的主键 返回到user对象里
keyProperty将查询到的主键值设置到parameterType指定的那个属性中
order: select last_insert_id()执行顺序 相对与insert之后-->
<selectKey keyProperty="id" order="AFTER" resultType="java.lang.Integer">
select last_insert_id()
</selectKey>
insert into user(username,birthday,sex,address) values(#{username},#{birthday},#{sex},#{address})
</insert>
</mapper>
3.全局文件配置SqlMapConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 配置数据源 和事务信息 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<!-- 事务管理器 使用jdbc事务 -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<!-- 连接数据池 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!-- 属性 -->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis0202?characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="zzj6660534"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<!-- 加载映射文件 -->
<mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
4.测试类文件
public class UserMapperImplTest {
private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
@Before//每次执行Test之前都会执行before
public void setUp() throws Exception{
//配置文件
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
//得到文件流
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
//创建会话工厂
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}
@Test
public void testFindById() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();//线程不安全所以写里面
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//调用代理方法
User user = userMapper.findUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
session.close();
}
@Test
public void testFindByName() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//调用代理方法
List<User> list = userMapper.findUserByName("张");
System.out.println(list);
session.close();
}
@Test
public void testInsertUser() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User();//新建一个User对象
user.setUsername("rose");
user.setSex("2");
user.setBirthday(new Date());
user.setAddress("天津");
userMapper.insertUser(user);
session.commit();
session.close();
}
}
问题总结
1.返回单个pojo对象 代理对象内部通过SelectOne查询数据库 返回集合对象 通过SelectList查询数据库
传多参(原始Dao需要考虑)
2.mapper接口方法参数只能有一个?
系统框架中,dao层的代码是被业务层公用的。
即使mapper接口只有一个参数,可以使用包装类型的pojo满足不同的业务方法的需求。
方法传多个参数是否可以?
1.顺序传参法(缺点 表达不直观 一旦顺序调整容易出错 不建议使用)
1.在Usermapper接口中添加方法
public User selectUser(int id,String username) throws Exception;
2.在UserMapper映射中添加
<select id="selectUser" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where id=#{0} and username=#{1}
</select>
3.在测试类中添加测试方法
@Test
public void testSelectUser() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = userMapper.selectUser(29, "tom");
System.out.println(user);
session.close();
}
2.Param 注解法(较为直观 推荐使用)
1.在Usermapper接口中添加方法
public User selectUser(@Param("vid")int id,@Param("vname")String username) throws Exception;
2.在UserMapper映射中添加
<select id="selectUser" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where id=#{vid} and username=#{vname}
</select>
3.在测试类中添加测试方法
@Test
public void testSelectUser() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = userMapper.selectUser(29, "tom");
System.out.println(user);
session.close();
}
3.Map传参法(适合多参)
1.在Usermapper接口中添加方法
public User selectUser(Map<String,Object> map) throws Exception;
2.在UserMapper映射中添加 vid vname是map的key
<select id="selectUser" parameterType="java.util.Map" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where id=#{vid} and username=#{vname}
</select>
3.在测试类中添加测试方法
@Test
public void testSelectUserWithMap() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("vid", 29);
map.put("vname", "tom");
User user = userMapper.selectUser(map);
System.out.println(user);
session.close();
}
4.javabean传参法(传对象)
1.在Usermapper接口中添加方法
public User selectUser(User user) throws Exception;
2.在UserMapper映射中添加
<select id="selectUser" parameterType="cn.mybatis.po.User" resultType="cn.mybatis.po.User">
select * from user where id=#{id} and username=#{username}
</select>
3.在测试类中添加测试方法
@Test
public void testSelectUser() throws Exception{
//获取Session
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User();
user.setId(29);
user.setUsername("tom");
User u = userMapper.selectUser(user);
System.out.println(u);
session.close();
}