ES6结构赋值

定义：
解构赋值就是从目标对象或数组中提取自己想要得变量。使用场景有：element-ui，vant-ui按需引入，请求接口返回数据，提取想要得数据
语法：

//数组结构
var a, b, rest;
[a, b] = [10, 20];
console.log(a); // 10
console.log(b); // 20

//对象解构
({ a, b } = { a: 10, b: 20 });
console.log(a); // 10
console.log(b); // 20

// ...rest 解构数组
[a, b, ...rest] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
console.log(a); // 10
console.log(b); // 20
console.log(rest); // [30, 40, 50]

// ...rest 解构对象（最新）
({a, b, ...rest} = {a: 10, b: 20, c: 30, d: 40});
console.log(a); // 10
console.log(b); // 20
console.log(rest); // {c: 30, d: 40}

//解析一个从函数返回
function f() {
  return [1, 2];
}

var a, b; 
[a, b] = f(); 
console.log(a); // 1
console.log(b); // 2

更多使用场景：

1. 默认值

var a, b;

[a=5, b=7] = [1];
console.log(a); // 1
console.log(b); // 7

2. 交换变量

var a = 1;
var b = 3;

[a, b] = [b, a];
console.log(a); // 3
console.log(b); // 1

3.忽略你不感兴趣得返回值

function f() {
  return [1, 2, 3];
}

var [a, , b] = f();
console.log(a); // 1
console.log(b); // 3

4.将剩余数组赋值给一个变量

var [a, ...b] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(a); // 1
console.log(b); // [2, 3]

5.给新的变量名赋值

var o = {p: 42, q: true};
var {p: foo, q: bar} = o;
 
console.log(foo); // 42 
console.log(bar); // true 

6. For of 迭代和解构

var people = [
  {
    name: 'Mike Smith',
    family: {
      mother: 'Jane Smith',
      father: 'Harry Smith',
      sister: 'Samantha Smith'
    },
    age: 35
  },
  {
    name: 'Tom Jones',
    family: {
      mother: 'Norah Jones',
      father: 'Richard Jones',
      brother: 'Howard Jones'
    },
    age: 25
  }
];

for (var {name: n, family: {father: f}} of people) {
  console.log('Name: ' + n + ', Father: ' + f);
}

// "Name: Mike Smith, Father: Harry Smith"
// "Name: Tom Jones, Father: Richard Jones"