事务的配置
1.什么是事务
指作为单个逻辑工作单元(Service方法)执行的一系列操作(数据库操作),要么完全地执行,要么完全地不执行。事务可以看做是一次大的活动,它由不同的小活动组成,这些活动要么全部成功,要么全部失败。
2.事务的四大特性
事务具有原子性(Atomicity)、一致性(Consistency)、隔离性(Isolation)、持久性(Durability)四个特性,简称 ACID,缺一不可。
- 原子性:不可分割,一个事务就是一个最小的无法分割的独立单元,不允许部分成功部分失败
- 一致性:保证事务前后的数据完整性保持一致
- 隔离性:一个事务的执行不能被其他事务干扰
- 持久性:事务一旦提交则不可逆,它对数据库中数据的改变就是永久性的
添加事务到数据库后,当我们添加同时添加多个数据时,根据事务的特性,如果其中一个失败则都失败,不存在一部分添加成功了,一部分添加失败。
如下:
书写两个添加方法
public int insert(Cities cities){
return jdbcTemplate.update("insert into cities values(null,?,?)"
,cities.getCname(),cities.getPid());
}
public int insert1(Cities cities){
return jdbcTemplate.update("insert into cities values(?,?,?)",cities.getCid(),cities.getCname(),cities.getPid());
}
添加service类
import com.cqucc.dao.CitiesDao;
import com.cqucc.pojo.Cities;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class CitiesService {
@Autowired
private CitiesDao citiesDao;
public void insertTest(){
Cities cities1 = new Cities("四川",0);
citiesDao.insert(cities1);
Cities cities2 = new Cities(1,"云南",0);
citiesDao.insert1(cities2);
}
}
打开数据库可以发现cid为1的已经存在
测试方法
@Test
public void Test2(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans3.xml");
CitiesService bean = context.getBean(CitiesService.class);
bean.insertTest();
}
运行测试方法会给我们报错
再次打开数据课可以发现一个添加成功了,一个没有,不是我们想要的结果。我们添加事务对齐约束。
3.通过注解的方式添加事务
创建配置xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--数据库的配置-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cqucc"></context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" id="jdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 使用@Transactional 注解必须开启配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 使用@Transactional 注解必须开启配置-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>
在service层添加@Transactional实现事务
import com.cqucc.dao.CitiesDao;
import com.cqucc.pojo.Cities;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service
@Transactional
public class CitiesService {
@Autowired
private CitiesDao citiesDao;
public void insertTest(){
Cities cities1 = new Cities("四川",0);
citiesDao.insert(cities1);
Cities cities2 = new Cities(1,"云南",0);
citiesDao.insert1(cities2);
}
}
将数据还原,再次进行测试,还是包相同的错误
打开数据库可以发现这一次都没有插入成功
4.通过配置文件进行事务的实现
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--数据库的配置-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cqucc"></context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" id="jdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 使用@Transactional 注解必须开启配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- <!– 使用@Transactional 注解必须开启配置–>-->
<!-- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>-->
<tx:advice transaction-manager="transactionManager" id="advice">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*/"/><!--将所有的方法配置事务-->
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* com.cqucc.service.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="advice" pointcut-ref="point"/>
</aop:config>
</beans
同样进行测试和通过注解方式情况一致,这里就不书写测试案例。
整合mybatis
1.创建mybatis文件mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.cqucc.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
2.创建Dao接口
public interface CitiesDao {
public void insert(Cities cities);
public List<Cities> selectAll();
}
3.配置Dao的xml文件
位置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper SYSTEM "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cqucc.dao.CitiesDao">
<insert id="insert">
Insert into cities values(null,#{cname},#{pid})
</insert>
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.cqucc.pojo.Cities">
select * from cities
</select>
</mapper>
4.创建业务层Service接口
import com.cqucc.pojo.Cities;
import java.util.List;
public interface CitiesService {
public void insert(Cities cities);
public List<Cities> selectAll();
}
5.创建Service的实现类
@Service
public class CitiesServiceImpl implements CitiesService {
@Autowired
private CitiesDao citiesDao;
@Override
public void insert(Cities cities) {
citiesDao.insert(cities);
}
@Override
public List<Cities> selectAll() {
return citiesDao.selectAll();
}
}
6.配置Spring的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cqucc"></context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 设置jdbc配置 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:cqucc/dao/CitiesDao.xml" ></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice transaction-manager="transactionManager" id="txAdvice">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.cqucc.service.Impl.*.*(..))" id="point"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/>
</aop:config>
<bean id="sessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
<!-- <constructor-arg name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory"></constructor-arg> -->
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.cqucc.dao"></property>
<property name="sqlSessionTemplateBeanName" value="sessionTemplate"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
7.测试
@Test
public void Test8(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans5.xml");
SqlSession sqlSession = context.getBean(SqlSession.class);
CitiesDao mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(CitiesDao.class);
List<Cities> cities = mapper.selectAll();
for (Cities c : cities){
System.out.println(c);
}
}