操作列表
遍历列表for:for循环,可对存储列表值的临时变量指定任何名称,如number;
遍历列表for:临时变量名称的选取应简明,通常采用单复数形式来区分;
遍历列表for:每一行缩进就是要循环的内容,可以包含任何想要循环的内容;
遍历列表for:for循环后面没有缩进的代码都只循环一次;
numbers = [1,2,3,4,"abc"]
for number in numbers:
print(number)
names = ["ymj","Ymj","YMJ"]
for name in names:
message1 = name + ", you can do it!"
message2 = " Everything will be ok!"
print(message1 + message2)
print("Got it!")
1 2 3 4 abc ymj, you can do it! Everything will be ok! Ymj, you can do it! Everything will be ok! YMJ, you can do it! Everything will be ok! Got it!
创建数值列表¶
range()函数:range(-,-),差一行为,到达指定数值即停止,不会输出指定值;
range()创建数字列表:list()函数将结果转化为列表;
list()转化数值为列表:list(range(-,-,步长));
数字列表简单计算:min(),max(),sum();
列表解析:指定列表名,指定方括号,定义表达式,循环为表达式提供值;
#range()函数创建
for value in range(0,7):
print(value)
numbers = list(range(0,7))
print(numbers)
print(list(range(0,9,2)))
#先创建一个空的列表,指定值的类型
squares = []
#建立for循环
for i in range(1,5):
#对循环内的每个元素进行平方处理
square = i**2
#将得到的每一个结果都添加倒列表中
squares.append(square)
print(squares)
#简单运算
num = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
print(min(num))
print(max(num))
print(sum(num))
#列表解析
squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,5)]
print(squares)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] [0, 2, 4, 6, 8] [1, 4, 9, 16] 1 6 21 [1, 4, 9, 16]
使用列表的一部分-切片
切片:指定首尾元素的索引即可,[-:-],同样存在差一行为;
切片:指定切片的索引位置,正着差一,倒着不差;
遍历切片:加入for循环;
复制列表:创建一个包含整个列表的切片,而不是直接关联(=);
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(numbers[0:3])
print(numbers[:5])
print(numbers[5:])
print(numbers[-3:])
#for循环遍历切片
nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("These are the first five numbers:")
for num in nums:
print(num)
#排序选取切片
grade = [97,99,100,20,30]
grade.sort()
print(grade)
print(grade[-3:])
#复制列表
my_foods = ["burg","pizza","hotpot","noodles"]
her_foods = my_foods[:]
my_foods.append("icecream")
print(my_foods)
print(her_foods)
her_foods.append("cake")
print(her_foods)
[1, 2, 3] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] [6, 7, 8, 9] [7, 8, 9] These are the first five numbers: 1 2 3 4 5 [20, 30, 97, 99, 100] [97, 99, 100] ['burg', 'pizza', 'hotpot', 'noodles', 'icecream'] ['burg', 'pizza', 'hotpot', 'noodles'] ['burg', 'pizza', 'hotpot', 'noodles', 'cake']
元组-适用于不可修改的元素数据集
定义元组:定义时用的是(),使用时仍然用的是[],其余均与列表相同;
遍历元组:和列表一样,可使用for循环;
修改元组变量:重新赋值就可;
代码格式
缩进、空行
foods = ("cake","beef","pizza","chiken")
for food in foods:
print(food)
#foods[0] = "pancake",无法更改元组内的元素
#重新赋予元组值
foods = ("pancake","beef","pizza","chiken")
for food in foods:
print(food)
cake beef pizza chiken pancake beef pizza chiken