网络编程
1.1、概述
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如果准确地定位网络上的一台主机,端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- ip
- 端口号
规则:网络通信的协议:
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确地定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP、TCP
- 万物皆对象
1.3、IP
ip地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
- ip地址的分类:
- ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4:127.0.0.1,4个字节组成,0-255,42亿;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽了
- IPV6:128位,8个无符号整数
- 公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
- ipv4/ipv6
- 域名:记忆IP问题
- IP:www.vip.com
package com.ip.demo;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1); ///127.0.0.1
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3); //localhost/127.0.0.1
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4); //DESKTOP-5HMMDRG/192.168.17.1
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2); //www.baidu.com/182.61.200.7
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress()); //[B@4554617c
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字182.61.200.6
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress()); //ip182.61.200.6
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName()); //域名,或者自己电脑名字www.baidu.com
}
catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定 0~65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2 TCP:80,UDP:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 共有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535
- 共有端口 0~1023
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano | findstr "29904" #查看指定的端口
tasklist | findstr "10556" #查看指定端口的进程
Ctrl + Shift + ESC #快捷打开任务管理器
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们说的都是普通话。
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
**问题:**非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP 与 UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
- 三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你愁啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了!
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
- 客户端、服务器
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短息
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务器:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- eg:导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accpet
- 接受用户消息
TCP实现聊天
客户端
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp, port); //创建流套接字并将其连接到指定IP地址的指定端口号。
//3.发送IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("好好学习,天天向上".getBytes());
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器端
public class TcpServerDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); //创建绑定到指定端口的服务器套接字。
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();//侦听要连接到此套接字并接受它。
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
//ByteArrayOutputStream(),该类实现了将数据写入字节数组的输出流。 当数据写入缓冲区时,缓冲区会自动增长。 数据可以使用toByteArray()和toString() 。
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
TCP文件上传实现
客户端
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\001.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput(); //我已经传输完了!
//补充:确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建服务器
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//补充:通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了!".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务端 S
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7、UDP
UDP实现消息发送
发短信:不用连接,需要直到对方的地址!
发送端
package com.ip.demo;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据报格式:(数据, 数据的长度起始, 数据的长度, 要发给谁, 端口号)
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.ip.demo;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接!
public class UdpServerDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//2.接收数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()); //127.0.0.1
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength())); //你好啊,服务器!
}
}
UDP聊天实现
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
while (true){
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.ip.demo;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP多线程在线咨询
TalkSend
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException socketException) {
socketException.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive
package com.ip.demo;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try{
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
package com.ip.demo;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
package com.ip.demo;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析 www.baidu.com xxxx.x…x…x
协议: //ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.ip.demo;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhoast:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议 http
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip localhoast
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口 8080
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件 /helloworld/index.jsp
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径 /helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数 username=kuangshen&password=123
}
}
package com.ip.demo;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/scy/11.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("11.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer, 0, len); //写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
}
}