zuul网关

@TOC

1/基础操作

新建项目zuul

1. 勾选依赖
   zuul, eureka discovery client

        <!-- eureka客户端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zuul组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2. 添加配置:
   zuul:
   routes: #路由配置
   user-consumer: #consumer工程名,在注册中心注册的名字
   path: /user/** #路径
   strip-prefix: false #转发时是否去掉前缀

path: /user/** #表示当转发的路径是/user时转发到user-consumer

server:
  port: 5001
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul
zuul:
  routes: 
    c-user: 
      path: /user/** 
      strip-prefix: false 
    c-test:
      path: /test/**
      strip-prefix: true
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://root:123456@server1:7776/eureka/,http://root:123456@server2:7777/eureka/
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000 

3. 为启动类添加注解: @EnableZuulProxy

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4. 通过网关访问consumer
   在这之后，访问不再走consumer的路径，而是走网关的路径
   

2/过滤器

过滤器类型: pre, route/routing, post, error

如果四种都存在
会先去执行PRE——ROUTE——（如果无异常）——target执行请求的目标——回到网关——执行POST——然后返回前端界面，任何过程出现ERROR都会跳到ERROR过滤器——然后继续回到POST（死循环）

编写网关过滤器

在网关zuul项目里编写

a) 继承ZuulFilte类, 添加@Component注解

b) filterType(): 过滤器类型, 例: FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE
	
c) filterOrder(): 同类型的顺序, 数越大级别越低

d) shouldFilter(): 是否需要执行，false不执行
		RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
		return ctx.sendZuulResponse();//从请求头拿token

bcd这三个方法是必须设置的

e) run(): 过滤器执行的操作
	获取上下文: RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
	
	获取请求: HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
	
	设置网关过滤器响应: ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
	
	操作上下文属性: ctx.set("shouldFilter", false);
					ctx.get("shouldFilter");
					
	设置过滤器返回的json数据:
		ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
		ctx.setResponseBody
			("{\"msg\":\"Access without pemission, pls login first.\"}");

示例
可以建好几个不同的过滤类

package com.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Component
public class FirstFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 1;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        //获取请求上下文对象
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        return ctx.sendZuulResponse();
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {

        //获取请求上下文对象
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();

        //获取请求对象
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();

        //获取请求参数
        String order = request.getParameter("order");

//        System.out.println(request.getParameter("userName"));
        System.out.println("filter 1 : " + order);

        //判断, key的值
        if (order != null && order.equals("1")){
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            ctx.setResponseBody
                    ("{\"msg\":\"Access without pemission, pls login first.\"}");
        }

        ctx.set("msg", "hello, 2nd filter");

        return null;
    }
}