文章目录
一、分支结构的应用场景
顺序结构:一条一条语句顺序执行
分支结构:出现两种不同情况
二、if语句的使用
关键字:if、elif、else
1.例子:
"""
用户身份验证
"""
username =input('请输入用户名:')
password =input('请输入口令:')
#如果希望输入口令时 终端没有回显可以使用getpass模块的getpass函数
#import getpass
#password = getpass.getpass('请输入口令:')
if username == 'admin' and password == '123456':
print('身份验证成功!')
else:
print('身份验证失败!')
2.例子:
"""
分段函数求值
3x - 5 (x > 1)
f(x) = x + 2 (-1 <= x <= 1)
5x + 3 (x < -1)
"""
x = float(input('x = '))
if x > 1:
y = 3 * x - 5
elif x >= -1:
y = x + 2
else:
y = 5 * x + 3
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' % (x, y))
x = float(input('x = '))
if x > 1:
y = 3 * x - 5
else:
if x >= -1:
y = x + 2
else:
y = 5 * x + 3
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' % (x, y))
x =float(input('请输入x值:'))
if x>1:
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' %(x,3*x-5))
elif x<-1:
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' %(x,5*x+3))
else:
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' %(x,x+2))
三、练习
1.英制单位与公制单位互换
"""
英制单位与公制单位厘米互换
1 in = 2.54*1 cm
"""
value = float(input('请输入长度: '))
unit = input('请输入单位: ')
if unit == 'in' or unit == '英寸':
print('%f英寸 = %fܸ厘米' % (value, value * 2.54))
elif unit == 'cm' or unit == '厘米':
print('%fܸ厘米 = %f英寸' % (value, value / 2.54))
else:
print('请输入有效单位')
2.掷骰子决定做什么
"""
掷骰子决定作甚
"""
from random import randint
face = randint(1, 6)
if face == 1:
result = '唱首歌'
elif face == 2:
result = '跳个舞'
elif face == 3:
result = '学狗叫'
elif face == 4:
result = '做俯卧撑'
elif face == 5:
result = '念绕口令'
else:
result = '讲冷笑话'
print(result)
3.百分制成绩转等级制
"""
百分制成绩转等级制成绩
90分以上 -----A
80分~89分 -----B
70分~79分 -----C
60分~69分 -----D
60分以下 -----E
"""
score = float(input('请输入成绩: '))
if score >= 90:
grade = 'A'
elif score >= 80:
grade = 'B'
elif score >= 70:
grade = 'C'
elif score >= 60:
grade = 'D'
else:
grade = 'E'
print('对应的等级是:', grade)
4.输入三条边长如果能构成三角形就计算周长和面积
"""
判断输入的边长能否构成三角形
如果能构成三角形就计算周长和面积
"""
import math
a = float(input('a = '))
b = float(input('b = '))
c = float(input('c = '))
if a + b > c and a + c > b and b + c > a:
print('周长:%f'% (a + b + c))
p = (a + b + c) / 2
area = math.sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c))
print('面积: %f' % (area))
else:
print('不能构成三角形')
5.个人所得税计算器
"""
输入月收入和五险一金计算个人所得税
"""
salary = float(input('本月收入: '))
insurance = float(input('五险一金: '))
diff = salary - insurance - 3500
if diff <= 0:
rate = 0
deduction = 0
elif diff < 1500:
rate = 0.03
deduction = 0
elif diff < 4500:
rate = 0.1
deduction = 105
elif diff < 9000:
rate = 0.2
deduction = 555
elif diff < 35000:
rate = 0.25
deduction = 1005
elif diff < 55000:
rate = 0.3
deduction = 2755
elif diff < 80000:
rate = 0.35
deduction = 5505
else:
rate = 0.45
deduction = 13505
tax = abs(diff * rate - deduction)
print('个人所得税: ¥%.2f元' % tax)
print('实际到手收入: ¥%.2f元' % (diff + 3500 - tax))