分支结构

一、分支结构的应用场景

顺序结构：一条一条语句顺序执行

分支结构：出现两种不同情况

二、if语句的使用

关键字：if、elif、else

1.例子：

"""
用户身份验证
"""

username =input('请输入用户名:')
password =input('请输入口令:')

#如果希望输入口令时  终端没有回显可以使用getpass模块的getpass函数
#import getpass
#password = getpass.getpass('请输入口令:')

if username == 'admin' and password == '123456':
  print('身份验证成功！')
else:
  print('身份验证失败！')

2.例子：

"""
分段函数求值
       3x - 5 (x > 1)
f(x) = x + 2 (-1 <= x <= 1)
       5x + 3 (x < -1)
"""

x = float(input('x = '))
if x > 1:
 y = 3 * x - 5
elif x >= -1:
 y = x + 2
else:
 y = 5 * x + 3
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' % (x, y))

x = float(input('x = '))
if x > 1:
 y = 3 * x - 5
else:
 if x >= -1:
 y = x + 2
 else:
 y = 5 * x + 3
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' % (x, y))

x =float(input('请输入x值:'))

if x>1:
    print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' %(x,3*x-5))
elif x<-1:
        print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' %(x,5*x+3))
else:
    print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' %(x,x+2))

三、练习

1.英制单位与公制单位互换

"""
英制单位与公制单位厘米互换
1 in = 2.54*1 cm
"""

value = float(input('请输入长度: '))
unit = input('请输入单位: ')
if unit == 'in' or unit == '英寸':
 print('%f英寸 = %fܸ厘米' % (value, value * 2.54))
elif unit == 'cm' or unit == '厘米':
 print('%fܸ厘米 = %f英寸' % (value, value / 2.54))
else:
 print('请输入有效单位')

2.掷骰子决定做什么

"""
掷骰子决定作甚
"""

from random import randint
face = randint(1, 6)
if face == 1:
 result = '唱首歌'
elif face == 2:
 result = '跳个舞'
elif face == 3:
 result = '学狗叫'
elif face == 4:
 result = '做俯卧撑'
elif face == 5:
 result = '念绕口令'
else:
 result = '讲冷笑话'
print(result)

3.百分制成绩转等级制

"""
百分制成绩转等级制成绩

90分以上   -----A
80分~89分  -----B
70分~79分  -----C
60分~69分  -----D
60分以下  -----E
"""

score = float(input('请输入成绩: '))
if score >= 90:
 grade = 'A'
elif score >= 80:
 grade = 'B'
elif score >= 70:
 grade = 'C'
elif score >= 60:
 grade = 'D'
else:
 grade = 'E'
print('对应的等级是:', grade)

4.输入三条边长如果能构成三角形就计算周长和面积

"""
判断输入的边长能否构成三角形
如果能构成三角形就计算周长和面积
"""

import math
a = float(input('a = '))
b = float(input('b = '))
c = float(input('c = '))
if a + b > c and a + c > b and b + c > a:
 print('周长:%f'% (a + b + c))
 p = (a + b + c) / 2
 area = math.sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c))
 print('面积: %f' % (area))
else:
 print('不能构成三角形')

5.个人所得税计算器

"""
输入月收入和五险一金计算个人所得税
"""

salary = float(input('本月收入: '))
insurance = float(input('五险一金: '))
diff = salary - insurance - 3500
if diff <= 0:
 rate = 0
 deduction = 0
elif diff < 1500:
 rate = 0.03
 deduction = 0
elif diff < 4500:
 rate = 0.1
 deduction = 105
elif diff < 9000:
 rate = 0.2
 deduction = 555
elif diff < 35000:
 rate = 0.25
 deduction = 1005
elif diff < 55000:
 rate = 0.3
 deduction = 2755
elif diff < 80000:
 rate = 0.35
 deduction = 5505
else:
 rate = 0.45
 deduction = 13505
tax = abs(diff * rate - deduction)
print('个人所得税: ￥%.2f元' % tax)
print('实际到手收入: ￥%.2f元' % (diff + 3500 - tax))