C语言学习(十四)---结构体(下)

一. 结构作为函数参数

可以把结构作为函数参数,传参方式与其他类型的变量或指针类似.

实例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Books
{
    char title[50];
    char author[50];
    char subject[100];
    int book_id;
};

//函数声明
void printBook(struct Books book);
int main()
{
    struct Books Book1;
    struct Books Book2;
   
    /* Book1 详述 */
   strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
   strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali"); 
   strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
   Book1.book_id = 6495407;
 
   /* Book2 详述 */
   strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
   strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
   strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
   Book2.book_id = 6495700;
 
    //输出Book1信息
    printBook(Book1);
    
    //输出Book2信息
    printBook(Book2);
    
    return 0;
    
}

void printBook(struct Books book)
{
    printf("Book title: %s\n", book.title);
    printf("Book author: %s\n", book.author);
    printf("Book subject: %s\n", book.subject);
    printf("Book book_id: %s\n", book.book_id);
}

二. 指向结构的指针

可以定义指向结构的指针,方式和定义指向其他类型变量的指针相似

struct Books *struct_pointer;

现在,可以在上述定义的指针变量中存储结构变量的地址,为了查找结构变量的地址,把&运算符放在结构名称的前面

struct_pointer = &Book1;

为了使用指向该结构的指针访问结构的成员,必须使用->运算符

struct_pointer ->title;

让我们使用结构指针来重写上面的实例,这将有助于理解结构指针的概念

实例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Books
{
    char title[50];
    char author[50];
    char subject[100];
    int book_id;
};

//函数声明
void printBook(struct Books *book);

int main()
{
    struct Books Book1;  //声明Book1,类型为Books
    struct Books Book2; //声明Book2,类型为Books
    
    //Book1详述
   strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
   strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali"); 
   strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
   Book1.book_id = 6495407;
 
   /* Book2 详述 */
   strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
   strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
   strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
   Book2.book_id = 6495700;
    
   /* 通过传 Book1 的地址来输出 Book1 信息 */
   printBook( &Book1 );
 
   /* 通过传 Book2 的地址来输出 Book2 信息 */
   printBook( &Book2 );
 
   return 0;
}

void printBook( struct Books *book)
{
    printf("Book title: %s\n", book->title);
    printf( "Book author : %s\n", book->author);
    printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book->subject);
    printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book->book_id); 
}