Object类是所有类的直接或间接父类,该类中提供了一些非常实用的方法如toString()和equals():
1.String toString(); Object类中的toString方法得到的是一个表示对象地址值的字符串:
public class UseObj {
public static class People extends Object { /*因为在内存中是先有的静态内容,后有的非静态内容
故静态不能直接调用非静态;main()方法是静态方法,这里用静态内部类*/
String name;
int age;
public People(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
// People类继承了Object类,toString方法没有进行覆盖重写
public static void main(String[] args) {
People p = new People("张三",18);
String str = p.toString();
System.out.println(str); // pack01.UseObj$People@75412c2f 得到的是p这个对象的地址值
System.out.println(p); // pack01.UseObj$People@75412c2f 得到的也是p这个对象的地址值
// 备注:直接打印这个对象,默认调用这个对象的toString方法
}
}
将People类中继承下来的toString方法进行覆盖重写后,再运行:
public class UseObj {
public static class People extends Object{
String name;
int age;
public People(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "People{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
People p = new People("张三",18);
System.out.println(p); // People{name='张三', age=18},这次toString方法生成的字符串
// 不是地址值而是对象的属性了
}
}
2.boolean equals(); Object类中的equals方法是直接将两个对象进行“==”比较:
public class UseObj {
public static class People extends Object{
String name;
int age;
public People(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
People p1 = new People("张三",18);
People p2 = new People("张三",18);
System.out.println(p1.equals(p2)); // false,因为引用类型的“==”是进行地址的比较
}
}
将People类中继承下来的equals方法进行覆盖重写后,再运行:
public class UseObj {
public static class People extends Object{
String name;
int age;
public People(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
People people = (People) o;
return age == people.age &&
Objects.equals(name, people.name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
People p1 = new People("张三",18);
People p2 = new People("张三",18);
System.out.println(p1.equals(p2)); // true,改写后的equals方法比较的是对象的属性了,只要属性相同就认为是同一个人
}
}
Objects中的equals方法进行了一些优化:
引用类型是可以为null的,null是不能调用该类的成员变量或成员方法的,会造成空指针异常如:
p1 = null;
System.out.println(p1.equals(p2)); // Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
// 出现了空指针异常
而Objects中的equals方法可以避免发生空指针异常:
p1 = null;
System.out.println(Objects.equals(p1,p2)); // false, 没有出现异常
Objects中equals方法的源码:
public static boolean equals(Object a, Object b) {
return (a == b) || (a != null && a.equals(b));
}
Object中equals方法的源码:
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);
}