javase:异常

1.异常结构图

2.try-catch-finally捕获异常

//try-catch-finally
        try{  //try监控区域
                System.out.println(a/b);
        }catch (ArithmeticException e){ //catch(想要捕获的异常类型)捕获异常
            System.out.println("程序出现异常，除数不能为0");
        }finally{  //处理善后工作
            System.out.println("finally");
        }
       //finally 可以不写 假设IO,资源回收关闭

        //假设要捕获多个异常，从小到大
        try{
            System.out.println(a/b);
        }catch(Error e){
            System.out.println("error");
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("exception");
        }catch (Throwable t){
            System.out.println("throwable");
        } finally{
            System.out.println("finally");
        }

    }

3.抛出异常throw/throws

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 1;
        int b = 0;
        //ctrl+alt+t  快捷键
        try {
            new Test().test(1,0);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
        //打印错误的栈信息
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
    //假设方法中处理不了这个异常，则在方法上抛出异常throws
    public void test(int a,int b) throws ArithmeticException{
        if (b==0){
            //主动抛出异常,一般在方法中使用 throw
            throw new ArithmeticException();
        }
    }
}

4.自定义异常

//自定义异常
public class MyException extends Exception {

    //传递数字>10
    private int detail;
    public MyException(int a) {
        this.detail = a;
    }

    //toString 打印异常信息
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyException{" +"detail=" + detail +'}';
    }
}

public class Test {

    static void test(int a) throws MyException {
        System.out.println("传递的参数为："+a);
        if (a>10){
            throw new MyException(a);//抛出
        }
        System.out.println("ok");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            test(11);
        } catch (MyException e) {
            System.out.println("MyException=>"+e);
        }
    }
}

5.总结