B站狂神说的JavaWeb学习的笔记
1.Java Web
Web应用程序
一个web应用由多个部分组成(静态web,动态web)
- html、css、js
- jsp、servlet
- java程序
- jar包
- 配置文件(properties)
静态Web
- .html,.htm 这些都是网页的后缀
- 静态web的缺点
- Web页面无法动态更新,所有用户看到都是同一个页面
- 他无法和数据库交互(数据无法持久化,用户无法交互)
动态Web
- 页面会动态展示:“Web页面展示的效果因人而异”;
2.Web服务器
1.技术
ASP:
- 微软:国内最早流行的就是ASP
PHP:
- 开发速度快,功能很强大,跨平台,代码简单
- 无法承载大访问的情况(局限性)
JSP/Servlet:
- sun工资主推的B/S架构
- 基于Java语言的(所有的大公司,或者开源的组件,都是Java写的)
- 可以承载三高问题带来的我影响
- 语法像ASP
2.web服务器
服务器是一种被动的操作,用来处理用户的一些请求和给用户一些响应信息
IIS
- 微软的服务器
- ASP,Windows中自带的
Tomcat
- Tomcat实际上运行JSP页面和Servlet,具有处理HTML页面的功能
- 他还是一个Servlet和Jsp容器
- 最新版本9.0
3.Tomcat
在config中的server.xml中配置
-
配置端口号
- Tomcat默认:8080
- Mysql默认:3306
- Oracle默认:1521
- Http默认:80
- Https默认:443
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />
-
配置主机的名称
- 默认主机名:localhost->127.0.0.1
- 默认网站应用存放的位置为:webapps
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
高难度面试题
谈谈网站是如何访问的
- 输入一个域名;回车
- 检查本机的C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts配置文件下有没有这个域名的映射;
- 有:直接返回对应的ip地址
- 没有:去DNS服务器找
4.Http
1.什么是Http
Http(超文本传输协议)是一个简单的请求响应协议,它通常运行在TCP之上
- 文本:html,字符串,…
- 超文本:图片,音乐,视频…
- 80
Https:更安全的
- 443
2.两个时代
- http1.0
- http/1.0: 客户端可以与web服务器连接后,只能获得一个web资源,断开连接
- http2.0
- http/1.1: 客户端可以与web服务器连接后,可以获得多个web资源.
3.Http请求
- 客户端—>发请求Rrequest)—>服务器
-
请求行
请求方式: Get/Post/HEAD/DELETE/PUT…
- Get:请求携带的参数少,大小有限制,会在URL显示,高效
- Post:参数无限制,不会在URL显示,没有Get高效
-
消息头
Accept:告诉浏览器,它支持的数据类型 Accept-Encoding:支持那种编码格式 GBK UTF-8 Accept-Language:语言环境 Cache-Control:缓存控制 Connection:是否保持连接 HOST:主机
4.Http响应
- 服务器—>响应—>客户端
-
响应体
Accept:告诉浏览器,它支持的数据类型 Accept-Encoding:支持那种编码格式 GBK UTF-8 Accept-Language:语言环境 Cache-Control:缓存控制 Connection:是否保持连接 HOST:主机 Refresh:设置自动刷新 Location:让网页重新定位
-
响应状态码
200:请求响应成功
3××:请求重定向
404:找不到资源
5××:服务器代码错误 500 502:网管错误
常见面试题
当你的浏览器中地址栏输入地址并回车的一瞬间到页面能够展示,过程
5.Maven
- Maven项目架构管理工具
- Maven的核心思想:约定大于配置
使用Maven
-
下载安装Maven
下载完解压即可
-
配置环境变量
- M2_HOME Maven下的bin目录
- MAVEN_HOME Maven的目录
- 系统的path中配置 Maven下的bin目录
-
配置阿里云镜像
<mirrors> <mirror> <id>nexus-aliyun</id> <name>nexus aliyun</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>*,!jeecg,!jeecg-snapshots</mirrorOf> </mirror> </mirrors>
-
配置本地仓库
<localRepository>D:\apache-maven\Maven-pro</localRepository>
-
在IDEA中使用Maven
- 打开IDEA
- 创建Maven项目
- 选择maven-archetype-webapp(一个简单的mavenweb项目)
- 选择配置文件和本地仓库
- IDEA中的Maven设置(setting—>Build—>Maven)
- 在src下创建java和resource文件夹
-
在IDEA中配置Tomcat
-
pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!--Maven本本和头文件--> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!-- 这里就是创建项目时配置的 --> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>JavaWeb-01-Maven</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!-- package:项目打包方式 jar:java应用 war:javaweb应用 --> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>JavaWeb-01-Maven Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <!--配置--> <properties> <!-- 项目默认构建编码 --> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <!-- 编码版本 --> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <!-- 项目依赖 --> <dependencies> <!-- 具体依赖的jar包 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- 项目构建用的东西 --> <build> <finalName>JavaWeb-01-Maven</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
-
配置资源导出问题
<!-- 在build中配置resource,防止资源导出失败 --> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
6.Servlet
1.Servlet简介
- servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
- 开发Servlet需要两步
- 编写一个类,实现Servlet接口
- 把写好的java类部署到web服务器中
- 把实现了Servlet接口的程序叫做,Servlet
2.Hello Servlet
- 编写Servler类
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println("Hello Servlet!!!!!!");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- web服务器配置servlet映射
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
一个Servlet可以对应多个servlet-mapping
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
可以自定义后缀
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3.ServletContext(servlet上下文)
在web容器启动时,为每个servlet创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,代表当前应用
1.共享数据
在一个servlet中存入数据,可以在另外一个servlet中读取
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//this.getInitParameter();//初始化参数
//this.getServletConfig();//配置信息
ServletContext s = this.getServletContext();//Servlet上下文
String username = "东";
s.setAttribute("username",username);
}
}
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext s = this.getServletContext();
String username = (String) s.getAttribute("username");
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
2.获取初始化参数
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql</param-value>
</context-param>
public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
resp.getWriter().print(url);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
3.请求转发
public class Demo4Servlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo4");
// RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/demo");//请求的路径
//requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//请求转发
context.getRequestDispatcher("/demo").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
4.读取项目资源
username = root
password = 123456
public class Demo5Servlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(in);
String name = properties.getProperty("username");
String pwd = properties.getProperty("password");
resp.getWriter().print(name+":"+pwd);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
4.HttpServletResponse
web服务器就收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的Request,和代表响应的Response
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1.简单分类
- 负责向浏览器发送数据的
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream();
PrintWriter
getWriter();
- 负责向浏览器发送响应头的
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void setHeader(String var1,String var2);
void addHeader(String var1,String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1,int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1,int var2);
- 响应状态码
2.下载文件
-
向浏览器输出信息
-
下载文件
- 要获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名
- 设置让浏览器下载
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲器
- 获取OutPutStream
- 将FileOutPutStream流写入buffer缓冲区
- 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //1. 要获取下载文件的路径 String realPath = "G:\\IDEA\\JavaWeb\\JavaWeb-03\\target\\classes\\1.jpg"; System.out.println("要下载的路径:"+realPath); //2. 下载的文件名 String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("//") + 1); //3. 设置让浏览器下载 resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8")); //4. 获取下载文件的输入流 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath); //5. 创建缓冲器 int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; //6. 获取OutPutStream ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); //7. 将FileOutPutStream流写入buffer缓冲区 while ((len = in.read(buffer))>0){ out.write(buffer,0,len); } in.close(); out.close(); //8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端 } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
3.验证码功能
- 前端实现
- 后端实现,需要用到Java的图片类,生成图片
public class ImgServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//让浏览器3秒刷新一次
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//在内存中创建图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到图片,获得画笔
Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
//设置背景颜色
graphics.setColor(Color.white);
graphics.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
//给图片写数据
//给画笔换颜色
graphics.setColor(Color.blue);
graphics.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
graphics.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
//网站缓存,不允许缓存
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片写个浏览器
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}
//创建随机数
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
//保证数字是7位的
for (int i = 0; i<7-num.length() ; i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
String s = sb.toString()+num;
return s;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
4.实现重定向
void sendRedirect();
public class RedirectSetvlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 重定向原理
* resp.setHeader("Location","/image");
resp.setStatus(302);
* */
resp.sendRedirect("/image");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
面试题:重定向和转发的区别?
相同点:
- 都会实现页面跳转
不同点:
- 请求转发的时候,url不会发生变化 307
- 重定向的时候,url会发生变化 302
5.HttpServletRequest
可以通过Request的方法获得客户端的信息
1.获得前端的参数
String request.getParameter(String s);
String[] request.getParameterValues(String s);
2.请求转发
req.getRequestDispatcher(String url).forward(req,resp);
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println("===========================");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
7.Session,Cookie
1.会话
会话 : 用户打开一个浏览器,点击了很多超连接,访问多个web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程称为会话
2.保存会话的两种技术
cookie :
- 客户端技术(响应,请求)
session :
- 服务器技术,利用这个技术可以保存用户的会话信息
3.Cookie
- 从请求中拿到cookie信息
- 服务器响应给客户端cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//获得cookie
c.getName();//得到cookie中的key
c.getValue();//得到cookie中的value
new Cookie(String key,String value);//新建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置cookie的有效期
resp.addCookie(cookie);//响应给客户端一个cookie
public class CookieDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//保存上一次访问的时间
//Cookie,服务器从客户端获取
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
//判断cookie是否存在
if(cookies!=null){
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是");
for (int i =0;i<cookies.length;i++) {
Cookie c = cookies[i];
//获取cookie的名字
if(c.getName().equals("time")){
//获取cookie中的值
String value = c.getValue();
long l = Long.parseLong(value);
Date date = new Date(l);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
}
}
}else{
out.write("这个您第一次访问网站");
}
//服务器给客户端响应cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("time",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
cookie : 一般保存在本地用户目录下
解决乱码问题
URLEncoder.encode("东董","utf-8");//编码
URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");//解码
4.Session(重点)
- 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个Session对象
- 一个Session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个Session就存在
- 保存用户的信息;保存购物车的信息
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session存东西
session.setAttribute("name","东董");
session.setAttribute("person",new Person("东董",18));
//获取Session的id
String id = session.getId();
//判断session是不是新创建的
boolean aNew = session.isNew();
if (aNew){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID="+id);
}else {
resp.getWriter().write("已经存在,ID="+id);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//取出session中的值
String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println((Person) session.getAttribute("person"));
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//移除session中的值
session.removeAttribute("name");
session.removeAttribute("person");
//注销session
session.invalidate();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<!--配置Session的自动失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!-- 15分钟后 session自动失效 -->
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
session和cookie的区别
- Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存(可以保存多个)
- Session把用户的数据写给用户独占Session中,服务器端保存(保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
- Session对象由服务创建
8.JSP
1.jsp原理
发现页面转变成java程序
-
tomcat中有一个work目录
-
发现页面转变成java程序
-
实际上是一个Servlet
生命周期
public void _jspInit() { } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { }
内置对象
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
输出页面增加的代码
response.setContentType("text/html"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out;
以上的对象我们可以在Jsp页面中直接使用
2.Jsp基础语法
Jsp表达式
<%-- JSP表达式
作用:将程序的输出,输出到客户端
<%=变量或者表达式%>
--%>
<%= new java.util.Date()%>
Jsp脚本片段
<%-- Jsp脚本片段 --%>
<%
int sum = 0;
for (int i=1;i<100;i++){
sum+=i;}
out.println("<h1>Sum="+sum+"</h1>");
%>
Jsp声明
<%-- Jsp声明 --%>
<%!
static {
System.out.println("静态方法"); }
private int globaVar = 0;
public void dong(){
System.out.println("进入方法dong");
}
%>
Jsp的注释不会在客户端出现,HTML的注释会在审查元素中查看
Jsp指令
<%-- 指定编码和语言--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%-- 导入其他网页,静态导入,本质上是一个页面--%>
<%@include file="common/header.jsp"%>
<h1>网页主体</h1>
<%@include file="common/footer.jsp"%>
<%-- 指定错误页面,发生错误时跳转指定页面--%>
<%@ page errorPage="error/500.jsp" %>
<!-- 在web.xml文件中配置错误页面 -->
<error-page>
<error-code>500</error-code>
<location>/error/500.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/error/404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
Jsp动作
<%--Jsp动作,动态导入,本质上时三个页面--%>
<jsp:include page="common/header.jsp"/>
<h1>网页主体2</h1>
<jsp:include page="common/footer.jsp"/>
3.九大内置对象
- PageContext
- Request
- Response
- Session
- Application (ServletContext)
- config (ServletConfig)
- out
- page
- exception
<%--内置對象--%>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("name1","冬冬1");//只在一个页面有效
request.setAttribute("name2","冬冬2");//只在一次请求有效
session.setAttribute("name3","冬冬3");//只在一次会话有效
application.setAttribute("name4","冬冬4");//在整个服务器有效
%>
<%--
pagecontext通过寻找的方式取出保存的值
从底层到高层(作用域)
--%>
<%
String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");
String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");
String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");
%>
<%--使用EL表達式输出--%>
<h1>取出的值</h1>
<h3>${name1}</h3>
<h3>${name2}</h3>
<h3>${name3}</h3>
<h3>${name4}</h3>
<h3>${name5}</h3>
<%--pageContext在Session中创建对象--%>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("name1","冬冬1",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);
%>
<%--使用pageContext实现转发--%>
<%
pageContext.forward("/error/500.jsp");
%>
4.Jsp标签、Jstl标签、EL表达式
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
EL表达式:${ }
- 获取数据
- 执行运算
- 获取web开发的常用对象
Jsp标签:
<%--
jsp:include 动态包含页面
jsp:forward 请求转发
jsp: param 定义参数
--%>
<jsp:forward page="error/500.jsp">
<jsp:param name="name" value="东董"/>
<jsp:param name="age" value="12"/>
</jsp:forward>
Jstl表达式:
引入Jstl标签库
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
-
c:if c:out
<form method="get" action="coreif.jsp"> <input type="text" name="username" value="${param.username}"> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> <%--判断是否是管理员--%> <c:if var="isAdmin" test="${param.username=='admin'}"> <c:out value="管理员登陆成功"></c:out> </c:if>
-
c:when c:set
<%--定义一个变量--%> <c:set var="score" value="85"/> <c:choose> <c:when test="${score>=90}"> 你的成绩为优秀 </c:when> <c:when test="${score>=80}"> 你的成绩为较好 </c:when> <c:when test="${score>=70}"> 你的成绩为良好 </c:when> <c:when test="${score>=60}"> 你的成绩为及格 </c:when> </c:choose>
-
c:foreach
<% ArrayList<String> people = new ArrayList<>(); people.add(0,"张三"); people.add(1,"李四"); people.add(2,"王五"); people.add(3,"田六"); request.setAttribute("list",people); %> <c:forEach items="${list}" var="people"> <c:out value="${people}"/><br> </c:forEach> <hr> <%--大于等于1 小于等于2 step:步长--%> <c:forEach items="${list}" var="people" begin="1" end="2" step="1"> <c:out value="${people}"/><br> </c:forEach>
9.JavaBean
实体类
JavaBean有特殊写法
- 必须有无参构造
- 属性必须私有化
- 必须有set和get方法
<jsp:useBean id="people" class="com.dong.pojo.People" scope="page"/>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="id" value="123"/>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="name" value="东董"/>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="age" value="18"/>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="address" value="山东"/>
<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="id"/>
<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="name"/>
<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="age"/>
<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="address"/>
10.MVC三层架构
Model
- 业务处理:业务逻辑(Service)
- 数据持久层:CRUD(Dao)
View
- 展示数据
- 提供链接发起Servlet请求
Controller(Servlet)
- 接受用户请求
- 交给业务层处理对应的代码
- 控制试图的跳转
11.过滤器
Filter:过滤器,用来过滤网页的数据,实现Filter接口
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
// web服务器启动的时候初始化
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("初始化");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// 让过滤器继续执行,不写的话就会卡住,不会继续执行
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
//服务器关闭时销毁
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("销毁");
}
}
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.dong.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
12.监听器
实现监听器接口(很多接口,这里直实现了Session的监听器)
public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {
//创建Session监听:一旦创建Session就会触发一次这个事件
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
ServletContext ctx = se.getSession().getServletContext();
System.out.println(se.getSession().getId());
Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");
if(onlineCount==null){
onlineCount=new Integer(1);
}else {
int count = onlineCount.intValue();
onlineCount = new Integer(count+1);
}
ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
}
//销毁Session监听
/**
*销毁session的两种方法
* 1.重启服务器
* 2.手动销毁 se.getSession().invalidate();
* 3.自动销毁(配式过期时间)
*/
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
ServletContext ctx = se.getSession().getServletContext();
Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");
if(onlineCount==null){
onlineCount=new Integer(0);
}else {
int count = onlineCount.intValue();
onlineCount = new Integer(count-1);
}
ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
}
}
配置监听器
<listener>
<listener-class>com.dong.listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
</listener>
13.监听器和过滤器的常见应用
监听器:GUI编程中经常使用(关闭窗口的监听)
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("端午快乐");//新建一个窗体
Panel panel = new Panel(null);//面板
frame.setLayout(null);//设置窗体的布局
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(0,0,255));//设置背景颜色
panel.setBounds(50,50,300,300);
panel.setBackground(new Color(0,255,0));
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,关闭窗口的监听事件
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() {
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("打开");
}
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("关闭ing");
System.exit(0);
}
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("关闭ed");
}
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("激活");
}
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("未激活");
}
});
}
}
14.JDBC
JDBC:Java连接数据库;
需要导入驱动Jar包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.20</version>
</dependency>
连接数据库运行查询sql
public class TestJdbc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&relaxAutoCommit=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&serverTimezone=UTC";
String username = "root";
String password = "password";
//加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
//链接数据库,connection代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//向数据库发送SQL的对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//写SQL语句
String sql = "select * from users";
//执行SQL,接受结果集
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while (resultSet.next()){
System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("id"));
System.out.println("name="+resultSet.getObject("name"));
System.out.println("password="+resultSet.getObject("password"));
System.out.println("email="+resultSet.getObject("email"));
System.out.println("birthday="+resultSet.getObject("birthday"));
}
//关闭连接
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
JDBC 固定步骤
- 加载驱动 Class.forName(“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”);
- 连接数据库 Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection();
- 向数据库发送SQL的对象 Statement PreparedStatement
- 编写SQL
- 执行SQL
- 关闭连接
public class TestJdbc2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&relaxAutoCommit=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&serverTimezone=UTC";
String username = "root";
String password = "password";
//加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
//链接数据库,connection代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//写SQL语句
String sql = "insert into users(id, name, password, email, birthday) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)";
//向数据库发送SQL的对象
PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
//赋值
ps.setInt(1,7);
ps.setString(2,"东董");
ps.setString(3,"112233123");
ps.setString(4,"112233123.@qq.com");
ps.setDate(5,new java.sql.Date(new java.util.Date().getTime()));
//执行SQL,接受结果集
int i = ps.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(i);
//关闭连接
ps.close();
connection.close();
}
}
事务
ACID原则,保证数据的安全
public class TestJdbc3 {
@Test
public void test(){
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&relaxAutoCommit=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&serverTimezone=UTC";
String username = "root";
String password = "password";
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//开启事务(令自动提交为false)
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
String sql = "update account set money = money-100 where name = 'A'";
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
int i = ps.executeUpdate();
//制造错误
int k = 1/0;
String sql2 = "update account set money = money+100 where name = 'B'";
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
int j = ps.executeUpdate();
if(i>0&&j>0){
connection.commit();
}
}catch(Exception e){
try {
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}finally {
try {
ps.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
15.文件上传
注意事项(调优):
- 为了保证服务器安全,上传文件应该放在外界无法直接访问的目录下,比如放于WEB-INF目录下。
- 为了防止文件覆盖的现象发生,要为上床文件产生一个唯一的文件名。(时间戳,uuid,md5等等)
- 要限制上传文件的最大值。
- 可以限制上传文件的类型,在收到上传文件名时,判断后缀名是否合法。
1.FileItem
表单如果包含文件上传输入项的话,这个表单的enctype属性必须设置为multipart/form-data
<%--
get:上传大小有限制
post:上传大小无限制
--%>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<p>上传用户:<input type="text" name="username"></p>
<p><input type="file" name="file1"></p>
<p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>
【常用方法介绍】
//isFormField方法用于判断FileItem类对象封装的数据是一个普通文本表单
//还是一个文件表单,如果是普通表单返回true,否则返回false
boolean isFormField();
//getFieldName方法用于返回表单标签name属性的值
String getFieldName();
//getString方法用于将FileItem对象中保存的数据流内容以一个字符串返回
String getString();
//getName方法用于获得文件上传字段中的文件名
String getName();
//以流的形式返回上传文件的数据内容
InputStream getInputStream();
//delete方法用来清空FileItem类对象中存放的主题内容
//如果主体内容被保存在临时文件中,delete方法将删除该临时文件
void delete();
2.ServletFileUpload
负责上传的文件数据,并将表单中每个输入项封装成一个FileItem对象中,使用其**parseRequest(HttpServletRequest)**方法可以将通过表单中每一个HTML标签提交的数据封装成一个FileItem对象,然后以List列表的形式返回。使用该方法处理上传文件简单容易。
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 判断上传的文件普通表单还是带文件的表单
if (!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)) {
return;//终止方法运行,说明这是一个普通的表单,直接返回
}
//创建上传文件的保存路径,建议在WEB-INF路径下,安全,用户无法直接访间上传的文件;
String uploadPath =this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath);
if (!uploadFile.exists()){
uploadFile.mkdir(); //创建这个月录
}
// 创建上传文件的保存路径,建议在WEB-INF路径下,安全,用户无法直接访问上传的文件
String tmpPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/tmp");
File file = new File(tmpPath);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdir();//创建临时目录
}
// 处理上传的文件,一般都需要通过流来获取,我们可以使用 request, getInputstream(),原生态的文件上传流获取,十分麻烦
// 但是我们都建议使用 Apache的文件上传组件来实现, common-fileupload,它需要旅 commons-io组件;
try {
// 创建DiskFileItemFactory对象,处理文件路径或者大小限制
DiskFileItemFactory factory = getDiskFileItemFactory(file);
/*
* //通过这个工厂设置一个缓冲区,当上传的文件大于这个缓冲区的时候,将他放到临时文件 factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 *
* 1024); //缓存区大小为1M factory.setRepository (file);//临时目录的保存目录,需要一个File
*/
// 2、获取ServletFileUpload
ServletFileUpload upload = getServletFileUpload(factory);
// 3、处理上传文件
// 把前端请求解析,封装成FileItem对象,需要从ServletFileUpload对象中获取
String msg = uploadParseRequest(upload, request, uploadPath);
// Servlet请求转发消息
System.out.println(msg);
if(msg == "文件上传成功!") {
// Servlet请求转发消息
request.setAttribute("msg",msg);
request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request, response);
}else {
msg ="请上传文件";
request.setAttribute("msg",msg);
request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static DiskFileItemFactory getDiskFileItemFactory(File file) {
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
// 通过这个工厂设置一个缓冲区,当上传的文件大于这个缓冲区的时候,将他放到临时文件中;
factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024);// 缓冲区大小为1M
factory.setRepository(file);// 临时目录的保存目录,需要一个file
return factory;
}
public static ServletFileUpload getServletFileUpload(DiskFileItemFactory factory) {
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
// 监听长传进度
upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener() {
// pBYtesRead:已读取到的文件大小
// pContextLength:文件大小
public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems) {
System.out.println("总大小:" + pContentLength + "已上传:" + pBytesRead);
}
});
// 处理乱码问题
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
// 设置单个文件的最大值
upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 10);
// 设置总共能够上传文件的大小
// 1024 = 1kb * 1024 = 1M * 10 = 10м
return upload;
}
public static String uploadParseRequest(ServletFileUpload upload, HttpServletRequest request, String uploadPath)
throws FileUploadException, IOException {
String msg = "";
// 把前端请求解析,封装成FileItem对象
List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
if (fileItem.isFormField()) {// 判断上传的文件是普通的表单还是带文件的表单
// getFieldName指的是前端表单控件的name;
String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8"); // 处理乱码
System.out.println(name + ": " + value);
} else {// 判断它是上传的文件
// ============处理文件==============
// 拿到文件名
String uploadFileName = fileItem.getName();
System.out.println("上传的文件名: " + uploadFileName);
if (uploadFileName.trim().equals("") || uploadFileName == null) {
continue;
}
// 获得上传的文件名/images/girl/paojie.png
String fileName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
// 获得文件的后缀名
String fileExtName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
/*
* 如果文件后缀名fileExtName不是我们所需要的 就直按return.不处理,告诉用户文件类型不对。
*/
System.out.println("文件信息[件名: " + fileName + " ---文件类型" + fileExtName + "]");
// 可以使用UID(唯一识别的通用码),保证文件名唯
// 0UID. randomUUID(),随机生一个唯一识别的通用码;
String uuidPath = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
// ================处理文件完毕==============
// 存到哪? uploadPath
// 文件真实存在的路径realPath
String realPath = uploadPath + "/" + uuidPath;
// 给每个文件创建一个对应的文件夹
File realPathFile = new File(realPath);
if (!realPathFile.exists()) {
realPathFile.mkdir();
}
// ==============存放地址完毕==============
// 获得文件上传的流
InputStream inputStream = fileItem.getInputStream();
// 创建一个文件输出流
// realPath =真实的文件夹;
// 差了一个文件;加上翰出文件的名产"/"+uuidFileName
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(realPath + "/" + fileName);
// 创建一个缓冲区
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];
// 判断是否读取完毕
int len = 0;
// 如果大于0说明还存在数据;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 关闭流
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
msg = "文件上传成功!";
fileItem.delete(); // 上传成功,清除临时文件
//=============文件传输完成=============
}
}
return msg;
}
}
16.邮件发送
SMTP协议(发送协议)
POP3协议(接受协议)
需要两个Jar包
发送简单邮件(没有附件,只有文本)
package com.dong;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class MailDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");//设置QQ邮箱服务器
prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");//邮件发送协议
prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户名和密码
//关于QQ邮箱,还需要设置SSL加密,加上以下代码
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
prop.put("mail.stmp.ssl.enable","true");
prop.put("mail.stmp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);
//发送邮件的5个步骤
//1.创建Sesssion对象 QQ才有 其他没有
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("420846418@qq.com", "shsetcvwkraxbjdg");
}
});
//开启debug模式,查看运行状态
session.setDebug(true);
//2.通过Session得到transport
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","shsetcvwkraxbjdg");
//4.创建邮件
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setSubject("简单邮件");//邮件主题
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("420846418@qq.com"));//发件人
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("1597572914@qq.com"));
//邮件的文本内容
message.setContent("<h1 style='color:red'>上号吧,别学了</h1>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//5.发送邮件 2505316829
transport.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
//6.关闭连接
transport.close();
}
}
发送复杂文件
public class MailDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");//设置QQ邮箱服务器
prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");//邮件发送协议
prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户名和密码
//关于QQ邮箱,还需要设置SSL加密,加上以下代码
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
prop.put("mail.stmp.ssl.enable","true");
prop.put("mail.stmp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);
//发送邮件的5个步骤
//1.创建Sesssion对象 QQ才有 其他没有
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("420846418@qq.com", "shsetcvwkraxbjdg");
}
});
//开启debug模式,查看运行状态
session.setDebug(true);
//2.通过Session得到transport
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","shsetcvwkraxbjdg");
//4.创建邮件
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setSubject("简单邮件");//邮件主题
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("420846418@qq.com"));//发件人
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("1597572914@qq.com"));
//================复杂内容================
//准备图片数据
MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("G:\\IDEA\\JavaWeb\\JavaWeb-10-mail\\src\\main\\resources\\wallhaven-g87mvq.jpg"));
//在我们的Body中放入这张图片的数据
image.setDataHandler(dh);
//设置图片的ID,后面使用
image.setContentID("bz");
//准备正文数据
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("这是一份邮件正文带图片<img src='cid:bz'>的邮件","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//描述数据关系
MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
mm.addBodyPart(text);
mm.addBodyPart(image);
mm.setSubType("mixed");
//设置到消息中,保存修改
//把最后编辑好的邮件放到消息中
message.setContent(mm);
message.saveChanges();
//================================
//5.发送邮件 2505316829
transport.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
//6.关闭连接
transport.close();
}
}
17.注册邮件验证
1.前端注册页面
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
<p>用户名:<input type="text" name="username"></p><br>
<p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"></p><br>
<p>邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"></p><br>
<p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>
2.POJO类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
}
3.发邮件的工具类
这里使用多线程,可以让发送邮件的期间就可以实现页面跳转
(这里发送邮件的时间很长,如果等待发送完毕再跳转页面用户体验不好,使用线程解决这一问题)
import com.dong.pojo.User;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
//多线程 实现用户体验 异步处理
public class Sendmail extends Thread {
//用于给用户发送邮件的邮箱
private String from = "420846418@qq.com";
//邮箱的用户名
private String username = "420846418@qq.com";
//邮箱的密码
private String password = "shsetcvwkraxbjdg";
//发送邮件的服务器地址
private String host = "smtp.qq.com";
private User user;
public Sendmail(User user){
this.user = user;
}
//重写run方法的实现,在run方法中发送邮件给指定的用户
@Override
public void run() {
try{
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("mail.host", host);
prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
// 关于QQ邮箱,还要设置SSL加密,加上以下代码即可
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
//1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//发件人邮件用户名、授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
}
});
//开启Session的debug模式,这样就可以查看到程序发送Email的运行状态
session.setDebug(true);
//2、通过session得到transport对象
Transport ts = session.getTransport();
//3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
ts.connect(host, username, password);
//4、创建邮件
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); //发件人
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail())); //收件人
message.setSubject("用户注册邮件"); //邮件的标题
String info = "恭喜您注册成功,您的用户名:" + user.getUsername() + ",您的密码:" + user.getPassword() + ",请妥善保管,如有问题请联系网站客服!!";
message.setContent(info, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
message.saveChanges();
//发送邮件
ts.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());
ts.close();
}catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
4.Servlet
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String email = req.getParameter("email");
User user = new User(username, password, email);
Sendmail sendmail = new Sendmail(user);
//启动线程
sendmail.start();
//注册用户
req.setAttribute("message","注册成功,我们发送了一封邮件");
req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>