使用条件变量解决生产者、计算者、消费者问题

• 系统中有3个线程：生产者、计算者、消费者
• 系统中有2个容量为4的缓冲区：buffer1、buffer2
• 生产者生产'a'、'b'、'c'、‘d'、'e'、'f'、'g'、'h'八个字符，放入到buffer1
• 计算者从buffer1取出字符，将小写字符转换为大写字符，放入到buffer2
• 消费者从buffer2取出字符，将其打印到屏幕上

与多线程最后一个例子相似，再加入

pthread_cond_t wait_empty_buffer1;
pthread_cond_t wait_full_buffer1;
pthread_cond_t wait_empty_buffer2;
pthread_cond_t wait_full_buffer2;

对其进行控制源码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define CAPACITY 4
int buffer1[CAPACITY];
int buffer2[CAPACITY];
int in1;
int out1;
int in2;
int out2;

int buffer_is_empty1()
{
    return in1 == out1;
}

int buffer_is_full1()
{
    return (in1 + 1) % CAPACITY == out1;
}

int buffer_is_empty2()
{
    return in2 == out2;
}

int buffer_is_full2()
{
    return (in2 + 1) % CAPACITY == out2;
}

int get_item1()
{
    int item;

    item = buffer1[out1];
    out1 = (out1 + 1) % CAPACITY;
    return item;
}

void put_item1(int item)
{
    buffer1[in1] = item;
    in1 = (in1 + 1) % CAPACITY;
}

int get_item2()
{
    int item;

    item = buffer2[out2];
    out2 = (out2 + 1) % CAPACITY;
    return item;
}

void put_item2(int item)
{
    buffer2[in2] = item;
    in2 = (in2 + 1) % CAPACITY;
}

pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t wait_empty_buffer1;
pthread_cond_t wait_full_buffer1;
pthread_cond_t wait_empty_buffer2;
pthread_cond_t wait_full_buffer2;
#define ITEM_COUNT (CAPACITY * 2)
void *consume(void *arg)
{
	 int i;
    int item;

    for (i = 0; i < ITEM_COUNT; i++) { 
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        while (buffer_is_empty2())
            pthread_cond_wait(&wait_full_buffer2, &mutex);

        item = get_item2(); 
        printf("%c ",item);
        pthread_cond_signal(&wait_empty_buffer2);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }
    return NULL;
}
void *counter(void *arg)
{
    int i;
    int item;

    for (i = 0; i < ITEM_COUNT; i++) { 
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        while (buffer_is_empty1())
            pthread_cond_wait(&wait_full_buffer1, &mutex);

        item = get_item1(); 
       // printf("counter1:%c ",item);
        while (buffer_is_full2()) 
            pthread_cond_wait(&wait_empty_buffer2, &mutex);

        item = item - 32;
      //  printf("counter2:%c ",item);
        put_item2(item);
        pthread_cond_signal(&wait_full_buffer2);
        pthread_cond_signal(&wait_empty_buffer1);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }
    return NULL;
}

void *produce(void *arg)
{
    int i;
    int item;

    for (i = 0; i < ITEM_COUNT; i++) { 
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        while (buffer_is_full1()) 
            pthread_cond_wait(&wait_empty_buffer1, &mutex);

        item = 'a' + i;
       // printf("produce:%c \n",item);
        put_item1(item);
        pthread_cond_signal(&wait_full_buffer1);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }
    return NULL;
}

int main()
{ 
    pthread_t consumer_tid;
	pthread_t counter_tid;
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&wait_empty_buffer1, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&wait_full_buffer1, NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&wait_empty_buffer2, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&wait_full_buffer2, NULL);
	pthread_create(&counter_tid, NULL, counter, NULL);
    pthread_create(&consumer_tid, NULL, consume, NULL);
    
    produce(NULL); 
    pthread_join(counter_tid, NULL);
    pthread_join(consumer_tid, NULL);
    return 0;
}

结果：