高级IO命令

库函数和系统调用的区别:

库函数有缓冲区,系统调用无缓冲区
系统调用每次都要从系统空间调用到内核空间,而库函数不需要(缓冲区)
库函数可以跨平台,而系统调用不可以

fcntl:

设置或者修改已打开的文件性质
int fcntl(int fd文件描述符,int cmd指定不同的宏来修改fd指向文件的属性,…)需要传参才需要第三个参数
宏:
F_DUPFD复制重定向
F_GETFL获取
F_SETFL设置

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
    int fd;
    if((fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR | O_CREAT ,0655)) < 0) 
    {
        perror("open file error!");
        exit(1);
    }
    int flags ;
    flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
    flags = flags | O_APPEND | O_NONBLOCK;  //注意:不能修改读写标志位,可以加其他标志位

    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags);

    if (write(fd, "hello", 5) < 0)
    {
        perror("write data error!");
        exit(1);
    }

    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);

    close(0);
    fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, 0);

    char buffer[1024];
    scanf("%s",buffer);

    printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

阻塞与非阻塞方式读取:

在这里插入图片描述非阻塞方式:有数据就读出来,没有就读不出来

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0655)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open error");
        exit(1);
    }
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    if(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) < 0)
    {
        perror("read error");
        exit(1);
    }
    close(fd);
    printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
    return 0;
}

阻塞:

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0655)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open error");
        exit(1);
    }
    int n_r;
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    while(1)
    {
        if(n_r = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) < 0)
        {   
            perror("read error");
            exit(1);
        }   
        printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
        if(n_r > 0)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    read(0,buffer,sizeof(buffer));
    printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

阻塞转为非阻塞:

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0655)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open error");
        exit(1);
    }
    int n_r;
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    int flags = 0;
    flags = fcntl(0,F_GETFL);
    flags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(0, F_SETFL, flags);
    
    read(0,buffer,sizeof(buffer));
    printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

I/O多路复用:

在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述 有数据可读就读,没有就打印hello world:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int agrc, char **argv)
{

    struct timeval time;
    time.tv_sec = 3;//秒
    time.tv_usec = 0;//毫秒
		fd_set r_set;
		FD_SET(0, &fd_set);
		select(1,&r_set,NULL,NULL,&time);
		printf("hello world!\n");
		return 0;
}

监听鼠标和键盘:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int agrc, char **argv)
{

    struct timeval time;
    time.tv_sec = 0;
    time.tv_usec = 0;
    fd_set r_set;
    fd_set all_set;

    int fd;

    if ((fd = open("/dev/input/mouse0", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0655)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open file error!");
        exit(1);
    }

    FD_SET(fd, &all_set);
    FD_SET(0, &all_set);

   
    while (1)
    {
        r_set = all_set;
        
        int ret = select(fd + 1, &r_set, NULL, NULL, &time); //#define NULL (void *)0

        if (FD_ISSET(fd, &r_set) > 0)
        {
            int cor;

            read(fd, &cor, sizeof(cor));

            printf("cor = %d\n", cor);
        }

        if (FD_ISSET(0, &r_set) > 0)
        {
            char buffer[1024];

            read(0, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

            printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
        }

        printf("hello world!\n");
        sleep(1);

        //FD_SET(fd, &r_set);
        //FD_SET(0, &r_set);
    }

    return 0;
}

听:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int agrc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval time;
    time.tv_sec = 0;
    time.tv_usec = 0;
    fd_set r_set;
    fd_set all_set;

    int fd;
    int fds[1024]; //保存监听的文件描述符

    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
    {
        fds[i] = -1;
    }

    if ((fd = open("/dev/input/mouse0", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0655)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open file error!");
        exit(1);
    }

    //假设:打开100个设备文件, 100个文件描述符

    FD_SET(fd, &all_set);

    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
    {
        if (fds[i] == -1)
        {
            fds[i] = 0;
            break;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++)
    {
        if (fds[i] == -1)
        {
            fds[i] = fd;
            break;
        }
    }

    FD_SET(0, &all_set);

    //FD_SET 100次

    //select缺点:
    //1\fd_set(1024):数组,静态分配空间,固定大小1024
    //2\轮询:全盘轮询,效率最低;

    //select优点: 跨平台 win32

    while (1)
    {
        r_set = all_set;

        int ret = select(fd + 1, &r_set, NULL, NULL, NULL); //#define NULL (void *)0

        if (ret == -1)
        {
            perror("select error!\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
        {
            if (fds[i] != -1)
            {
                // printf("fds[%d] = %d\n", i,fds[i]);
                if (FD_ISSET(fds[i], &r_set) > 0)
                {
                    if (fds[i] == fd)
                    {
                        printf("mouse!\n");
                        int cor;

                        read(fd, &cor, sizeof(cor));

                        printf("cor = %d\n", cor);
                    }
                    else if (fds[i] == 0)
                    {
                        printf("key!\n");
                        char buffer[1024];

                        read(0, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

                        printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
                    }

                    if (--ret == 0) //确保所有变化的文件描述符都被处理
                    {
                        printf("ret == 0!\n");
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        //printf("hello world!\n");
        //sleep(1);

        //FD_SET(fd, &r_set);
        //FD_SET(0, &r_set);
    }

    return 0;
}

poll函数:
原理与select一致,区别在于poll没有最大文件描述符的限制(使用链表的方式存储fd)
在这里插入图片描述

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <poll.h>

int main(int agrc, char **argv)
{
#if 0
    struct timeval time;
    time.tv_sec = 0;
    time.tv_usec = 0;
    fd_set r_set;
    fd_set all_set;
#endif
    int fd;
#if 0
    int fds[1024]; //保存监听的文件描述符

    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
    {
        fds[i] = -1;
    }
#endif 
    if ((fd = open("/dev/input/mouse0", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0655)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open file error!");
        exit(1);
    }

    struct pollfd fds[2];

    fds[0].fd = 0;
    fds[0].events = POLLIN;

    fds[1].fd = fd;
    fds[1].events = POLLIN;
    
    while(1)
    {
        int ret = poll(fds, 2, -1);

        for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        {
            if(fds[i].events == fds[i].revents)
            {
                if(fds[i].fd == 0)
                {
                    char buffer[1024];

                    read(fds[i].fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

                    printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
                }
                else if(fds[i].fd == fd)
                {
                    int cor;

                    read(fds[i].fd, &cor, sizeof(cor));

                    printf("cor = %d\n", cor);
                }

                if(--ret == 0)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
       

        //printf("hello world!\n");
    }
   
    
    return 0;
}
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