使用xfsdump及xfsrestore备份并恢复文件

xfs提供了xfsdump和xfsrestore工具，协助备份xfs文件系统中的数据。xfsdump按inode顺序备份一个xfs文件系统8
xfs备份级别有2种：0表示完全备份，1-9表示增量备份，其中默认为0

下面进行使用xfsdump及xfsrestore恢复文件。

1. 在VMware里的Centos中添加一块虚拟的硬盘
   
2. 在虚拟机中进行分区并挂载

分区

[root@client-2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x91666197.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): 
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@client-2 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1310656 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5242624, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

注意：这里我们使用的是xfsdump以及xfsrestore工具，因此必须使用xfs格式化

挂载

[root@client-2 ~]# mkdir /test
[root@client-2 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /test

3. 准备测试文件

[root@client-2 test]# cp /etc/passwd .
[root@client-2 test]# mkdir file
[root@client-2 test]# echo "test" > file/1.txt
[root@client-2 test]# md5sum passwd 
9dc5f89fde54117b9f7db7ee27de82f7  passwd
[root@client-2 test]# tree 
.
├── file
│   └── 1.txt
└── passwd

1 directory, 2 files

这里，我们使用md5sum命令查看passwd的md5值，以便恢复之后做对比

4. 备份整个分区

[root@client-2 /]# mkdir /backup
[root@client-2 /]# xfsdump -f /backup/dump_sdb1_1 /dev/sdb1 -L sdb1_version_1 -M sdb1
xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsdump: version 3.1.4 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsdump: level 0 dump of client-2:/test
xfsdump: dump date: Thu Sep  3 15:27:11 2020
xfsdump: session id: 82c52562-6166-4e9f-8364-2a37b34ee063
xfsdump: session label: "sdb1_version_1"
xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list
xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)
xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)
xfsdump: ino map construction complete
xfsdump: estimated dump size: 29952 bytes
xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created
xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)
xfsdump: dumping ino map
xfsdump: dumping directories
xfsdump: dumping non-directory files
xfsdump: ending media file
xfsdump: media file size 26096 bytes
xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 3136 bytes
xfsdump: dump complete: 0 seconds elapsed
xfsdump: Dump Summary:
xfsdump:   stream 0 /backup/dump_sdb1_1 OK (success)
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS

其中，各项参数含义如下：
-f：指定备份文件夹
-L：指定标签session label
-M：指定设备标签media label

5. 查看备份信息

[root@client-2 /]# xfsdump -I 
file system 0:
	fs id:		8e6f40dc-d52a-48ec-85ae-601cb5191f46
	session 0:
		mount point:	client-2:/test
		device:		client-2:/dev/sdb1
		time:		Thu Sep  3 15:27:11 2020
		session label:	"sdb1_version_1"
		session id:	82c52562-6166-4e9f-8364-2a37b34ee063
		level:		0
		resumed:	NO
		subtree:	NO
		streams:	1
		stream 0:
			pathname:	/backup/dump_sdb1_1
			start:		ino 67 offset 0
			end:		ino 70 offset 0
			interrupted:	NO
			media files:	1
			media file 0:
				mfile index:	0
				mfile type:	data
				mfile size:	26096
				mfile start:	ino 67 offset 0
				mfile end:	ino 70 offset 0
				media label:	"sdb1"
				media id:	8ce8ca7e-2d6c-47c1-8f43-b6dcc50da0ef
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS

6. 删除文件

[root@client-2 /]# rm -rf /test/*
[root@client-2 /]# ll /test
total 0

7. 恢复文件

[root@client-2 /]# xfsrestore -f /backup/dump_sdb1_1 /test/
xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsrestore: version 3.1.4 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsrestore: searching media for dump
xfsrestore: examining media file 0
xfsrestore: dump description: 
xfsrestore: hostname: client-2
xfsrestore: mount point: /test
xfsrestore: volume: /dev/sdb1
xfsrestore: session time: Thu Sep  3 15:27:11 2020
xfsrestore: level: 0
xfsrestore: session label: "sdb1_version_1"
xfsrestore: media label: "sdb1"
xfsrestore: file system id: 8e6f40dc-d52a-48ec-85ae-601cb5191f46
xfsrestore: session id: 82c52562-6166-4e9f-8364-2a37b34ee063
xfsrestore: media id: 8ce8ca7e-2d6c-47c1-8f43-b6dcc50da0ef
xfsrestore: using online session inventory
xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump
xfsrestore: reading directories
xfsrestore: 2 directories and 3 entries processed
xfsrestore: directory post-processing
xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files
xfsrestore: restore complete: 0 seconds elapsed
xfsrestore: Restore Summary:
xfsrestore:   stream 0 /backup/dump_sdb1_1 OK (success)
xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS

8. 检查文件

[root@client-2 /]# cd /test
[root@client-2 test]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   19 Sep  3 15:22 file
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2156 Sep  3 15:21 passwd
[root@client-2 test]# tree
.
├── file
│   └── 1.txt
└── passwd

1 directory, 2 files

[root@client-2 test]# md5sum passwd 
9dc5f89fde54117b9f7db7ee27de82f7  passwd
[root@client-2 test]# 

至此，文件已恢复完毕，passwd的md5值也完全一致。

注：使用xfsdump时，需要注意以下限制

• xfsdump不支持没有挂载的系统备份，所以只能备份已经挂载的
• xfsdump必须使用root权限才能操作(涉及文件系统的关系)
• xfsdump只能备份xfs文件系统
• xfsdump备份下来的数据(档案或储存的媒体)只能让xfsrestore解析
• xfsdump是透过文件系统的UUID来分辨各个备份档的，因此不能备份两个具有相同UUID的文件系统