spring中bean的自动装配

spring中bean的自动装配

bean的自动装配其实就是自动赋值：

1. 创建简单java类

   package com.atguigu.bean;
   
   public class Person {
   
   	private String lastName;
   	private Integer age;
   	private String gender;
   	private String email;
   	private Car car;
   	
   	
   	
   	public Person(Car car02) {
   		super();
   		this.car = car02;
   	}
   
   	public void myInit(){
   		System.out.println("Person对象被初始化了");
   	}
   	
   	public void myDestory(){
   		System.out.println("Person对象被销毁了");
   	}
   	
   	public Person() {
   		super();
   		System.out.println("Person对象被创建了");
   	}
   	public Person(String lastName, Integer age, String gender, String email) {
   		super();
   		this.lastName = lastName;
   		this.age = age;
   		this.gender = gender;
   		this.email = email;
   	}
   	public String getLastName() {
   		return lastName;
   	}
   	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
   		this.lastName = lastName;
   	}
   	public Integer getAge() {
   		return age;
   	}
   	public void setAge(Integer age) {
   		this.age = age;
   	}
   	public String getGender() {
   		return gender;
   	}
   	public void setGender(String gender) {
   		this.gender = gender;
   	}
   	public String getEmail() {
   		return email;
   	}
   	public void setEmail(String email) {
   		this.email = email;
   	}
   	
   	public Car getCar() {
   		return car;
   	}
   	public void setCar(Car car) {
   		this.car = car;
   	}
   	@Override
   	public String toString() {
   		return "Person [lastName=" + lastName + ", age=" + age + ", gender=" + gender + ", email=" + email + ", car="
   				+ car + "]";
   	}
   	
   }
   
   

   package com.atguigu.bean;
   
   public class Car {
   
   	private String carName;
   
   	public String getCarName() {
   		return carName;
   	}
   
   	public void setCarName(String carName) {
   		this.carName = carName;
   	}
   
   	public Car(String carName) {
   		super();
   		this.carName = carName;
   	}
   
   	public Car() {
   		super();
   	}
   
   	@Override
   	public String toString() {
   		return "Car [carName=" + carName + "]";
   	}
   	
   }
   
   

2. 编写配置文件

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
   
   	<bean id="car" class="com.atguigu.bean.Car">
   		<property name="carName" value="宝马"></property>
   	</bean>
   	
   	<bean id="car02" class="com.atguigu.bean.Car">
   		<property name="carName" value="比亚迪"></property>
   	</bean>
   	<!-- 为person的自定义属性赋值：手动赋值 -->
   	<!-- <bean id="person" class="com.atguigu.bean.Person">
   		<property name="car" ref="car"></property>
   	</bean> -->
   	
   	<!-- 自动赋值（自动装配）：仅限于自定义类型
   		autowire="default/no"：不自动装配
   		autowire="byName"：以属性名（car）作为id去容器中找到这个组件，给它赋值，没找到则装配null
   		autowire="byType"：以属性类型作为查找依据去容器中找到这个组件，没找到则装配null
   		autowire="constructor"：按照构造器进行赋值，（需要有一个可以为car赋值的有参构造器）
   			流程：
   				(1)按有参构造器参数的类型进行装配，没找到则装配null
   				(2)如果按照类型找到多个，则按照有参构造器的参数名来进行装配
   
   		!!!如果是一个集合，容器可以把所有的相关属性进行封装。比如有一个car是一个list集合，那么按照autowire="byType"来装配的话会将所有的car全部装配至list集合中。
   	 -->
   	<bean id="person" class="com.atguigu.bean.Person" autowire="constructor"></bean>
   </beans>
   
   

3. 测试

   package com.atguigu.test;
   
   import org.junit.Test;
   import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
   import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
   
   import com.atguigu.bean.Person;
   
   public class TestAutomatic {
   
   	/**
   	 * 为Person里面的自定义类型的属性赋值
   	 * property：手动赋值
   	 * 自动赋值（自动装配）
   	 */
   	@Test
   	public void test(){
   		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("automatic_assembly.xml");
   		Person person = context.getBean("person",Person.class);
   		System.out.println(person);
           //Person [lastName=null, age=null, gender=null, email=null, car=Car [carName=比亚迪]]
   	}
   	
   }