RabbitMQ学习：Routing路由模式

前面学习的fanout模式，我们清楚，这种模式使用起来不太灵活——因为他会将消息分发给所有绑定的队列。所以，有时候会用到另一种交换规则——direct（直连）。直连交换机很简单，就是交换机会将消息路由到消息的路由键(routingKey)与队列的路由键完全匹配的队列中。

概念

过程如下：

其中，队列1 绑定了路由键error，队列2 绑定了info，error，warning路由键。

首先，消息发送到交换机，然后交换机会根据路由键将消息路由到对应得队列上。

代码

绑定error路由键的Recv1.java

package com.xsw.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/*
绑定error路由键
 */
public class Recv1 {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "directTest";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.56.101");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明直连交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");
        //声明队列
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        //绑定
        channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,"error");
        System.out.println("Recv1 waiting message...");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag,deliver)->{
          String message = new String(deliver.getBody(),"UTF-8");
          System.out.println("received "+deliver.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()+":"+message);
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,deliverCallback,consumetTag->{});
    }
}

绑定error，info，warning的Recv2.java

package com.xsw.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/*
绑定三个路由键：error，info，warning
 */
public class Recv2 {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "directTest";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.56.101");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明直连交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");
        //声明队列
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        //绑定
        channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,"error");
        channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,"info");
        channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,"warning");
        System.out.println("Recv2 waiting message...");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag,deliver)->{
          String message = new String(deliver.getBody(),"UTF-8");
          System.out.println("received "+deliver.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()+":"+message);
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,deliverCallback,consumetTag->{});
    }
}

启动RabbitMQ服务器，然后在运行Recv1和Recv2，可以看到：


绑定关系：

再运行发送端程序，发送路由键为error的消息

 String message = "hello direct";
 String routingKey = "error";

可以看到Recv1和Recv2都接收到了消息：


此时再运行发送端程序，发送路由键为warning的信息：

String message = "hello direct";
String routingKey = "warning";

观察Recv1和Recv2，只有Recv2接收到了信息：


完整的Send.java

package com.xsw.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Send {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "directTest";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.56.101");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明直连交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");

        String message = "hello direct";
//        String routingKey = "error";
//        String routingKey = "info";
        String routingKey = "warning";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey,null,message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("send message:"+message);

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}