完善的复数类

复数类应该具有的操作
运算： + - * /
比较：== !=
赋值：=
求模：modulus

利用操作符重载
统一复数与实数的运算方式
统一复数与实数的比较方式

//.h
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_
#define _COMPLEX_H_

class Complex
{
	double a;
	double b;
public:
	Complex(double a = 0,double b = 0);
	double getA();
	double getB();
	double getModulus();

	Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
	Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
	Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
	Complex operator / (const Complex& c);

	bool operator == (const Complex& c);
	bool operator != (const Complex& c);

	Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);
};

#endif

//.cpp
#include"Complex.h"
#include<math.h>
Complex::Complex(double a,double b)
{
	this->a = a;
	this->b = b;
}
double Complex::getA()
{
	return a;
}
double Complex::getB()
{
	return b;
}
double Complex::getModulus()
{
	return sqrt(a*a + b*b);
}

Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c)
{
	double na = a + c.a;
	double nb = b + c.b;
  	Complex ret(na,nb);
	return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c)
{
	double na = a - c.a;
	double nb = b - c.b;
  	Complex ret(na,nb);
	return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c)
{
	double na = a * c.a - b * c.b;
	double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a;
  	Complex ret(na,nb);
	return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c)
{
	double cm = c.a * c.a + c.b +c.b;
	double na = (a * c.a + b * c.b)/cm;
	double nb = (b * c.a - a * c.b)/cm;
	Complex ret(na,nb);
	return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c)
{
	return (a == c.a)&&(b == c.b);
}
bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c)
{
	return !(*this == c);
}
Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c)
{
	if(this != &c)
	{
		a = c.a;
		b = c.b;
	}
	return *this;
}

//main.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include"Complex.h"

int main()
{
	Complex c1(1,2);
	Complex c2(3,6);
	Complex c3 = c2 - c1;
	Complex c4 = c1 * c3;
	Complex c5 = c2 / c1;
	
	printf("c3.a = %f,c3.b = %f\n",c3.getA(),c3.getB());
	printf("c4.a = %f,c4.b = %f\n",c4.getA(),c4.getB());
	printf("c5.a = %f,c5.b = %f\n",c5.getA(),c5.getB());

	Complex c6(2,4);
	printf("c3 == c6:%d\n",c3 == c6);
	printf("c3 != c4:%d\n",c3 != c4);

	(c3 = c2)=c1;
	printf("c1.a = %f,c1.b = %f\n",c1.getA(),c1.getB());
	printf("c2.a = %f,c2.b = %f\n",c2.getA(),c2.getB());
	printf("c3.a = %f,c3.b = %f\n",c3.getA(),c3.getB());
	return 0;
}

注意事项
C++规定赋值操作符（=）只能重载为成员函数
操作符重载不能改变原操作符的优先级
操作符重载不能改变操作数的个数
操作符重载不应改变操作符的原有语义

小结
复数的概念可以通过自定义类实现
复数中的运算操作可以通过操作符重载实现
赋值操作符只能通过成员函数实现
操作符重载的本质为函数定义