python学习笔记05(循环,函数)

学习input()，while循环和函数

input()工作原理

>>> name=input("tell me your name:")
tell me your name:jack
>>> print(name)
jack

>>> name=input("tell me your name:")
tell me your name:jack
>>> print("ok,hello "+name)
ok,hello jack
>>> 

>>> want="i want to know your name."
>>> want += "\nplease enter your name:"
>>> name=input(want)
i want to know your name.
please enter your name:jack
>>> print("i know your name is "+name)
i know your name is jack
>>> 

while循环

输出1~5

num=1
while num<6:
    print(num)
    num+=1
------------------
1
2
3
4
5

让用户选择何时退出

message="you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you"
message+="\nif you want to exit please enter 'quit':"
word=''
while word !="quit":
    word=input(message)
    print(word)
-----------------------
you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you
if you want to exit please enter 'quit':hello
hello
you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you
if you want to exit please enter 'quit':how are you?
how are you?
you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you
if you want to exit please enter 'quit':quit
quit
>>> 

这个程序很好，唯一的缺点是它将‘quit’也打印了出来，要想解决这个问题，加一个if语句就可以了

message="you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you"
message+="\nif you want to exit please enter 'quit':"
word=''
while word !="quit":
    word=input(message)
    if word !='quit':
        print(word)
 -------------------
you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you
if you want to exit please enter 'quit':today is a good day
today is a good day
you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you
if you want to exit please enter 'quit':where are you?
where are you?
you are in game,please enter a word,i will back it to you
if you want to exit please enter 'quit':quit
>>> 

break

n=1
while n<11:
    print(n)
    n+=1
    if n==5:
        break
 -----------------
1
2
3
4
>>> 

continue

n=0
while n<10:
    n+=1
    if n%2==0:
        continue
    else:
        print(n)
  ---------
1
3
5
7
9
>>> 

验证列表

people=['steve','tom','tack']
students=[]
while people:
    s=people.pop()
    print("people:"+s)
    students.append(s)
print("these people are students:")
for student in students:
    print(student.title())

--------------------------
people:tack
people:tom
people:steve
these people are students:
Tack
Tom
Steve
>>> 

删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

nums=['1','1','2','1','1','1','5']
print(nums)
while '1' in nums:
    nums.remove('1')
print(nums)

--------------------
['1', '1', '2', '1', '1', '1', '5']
['2', '5']
>>> 

使用用户输入来填充字典

感觉这个就很有趣，做个调查问卷吧~~

responses={}
active=True
while active:
    name=input("请输入你的姓名:")
    response=input("你喜欢上网课吗？(喜欢/不喜欢)")
    responses[name]=response
    next=input("你希望让下一个人填写问卷吗？(yes/no)")
    if next =='no':
        active=False
print("\n----Results----")
for name,response in responses.items():
    print(name+""+response+"上网课")
--------------------------------
请输入你的姓名:steve
你喜欢上网课吗？(喜欢/不喜欢)喜欢
你希望让下一个人填写问卷吗？(yes/no)yes
请输入你的姓名:tom
你喜欢上网课吗？(喜欢/不喜欢)不喜欢
你希望让下一个人填写问卷吗？(yes/no)no

----Results----
steve喜欢上网课
tom不喜欢上网课
>>> 

你也可以换成其他问题

函数

一个简单的函数

def hello():
    print("hello world")
hello()
------------
hello world

向函数传递信息

def hello(name):
    print("How are you,"+name.title()+'?')
hello('tom')
------------
How are you,Tom?

实参和形参

在上面的例子中，变量name是一个形参。在代码hello(‘tom’)中’tom’是一个实参，将实参‘tom’传递给了函数hello()，这个值被存储在形参name中。

位置实参

def flowers(flowers_type,flowers_color):
    print("\nI like "+flowers_type)
    print("It is "+flowers_color)
flowers('rose','red')
-------------
I like rose
It is red

多次调用

def flowers(flowers_type,flowers_color):
    print("\nI like "+flowers_type)
    print("It is "+flowers_color)
flowers('rose','red')
flowers('peony','pink')
---------------------
I like rose
It is red

I like peony
It is pink

实参位置顺序很重要，顺序不对，意思就错了。

这样调用也是可以的

flowers(flowers_type='peony',flowers_color='pink')

你也可以固定值

def flowers(flowers_type,flowers_color='pink'):
    print("\nI like "+flowers_type)
    print("It is "+flowers_color)
flowers('rose')
flowers(flowers_type='peony',flowers_color='red')
---------------
I like rose
It is pink

I like peony
It is red

简单返回值

def name(first_name,last_name):
    name=first_name+' '+last_name
    return name.title()
full_name=name('xing','weikun')
print(full_name)
------------------
Xing Weikun

实参可选

def name(first_name,last_name,middle_name=''):
    if middle_name:
        name=first_name+' '+middle_name+' '+last_name
    else:
        name=first_name+' '+last_name
    return name.title()
full_name=name('xing','weikun')
print(full_name)
full_name=name('jack','bc','white')
print(full_name)
---------
Xing Weikun
Jack White Bc