实现继承的6种方式

面试过程中经常会有面试官问 『你知道继承吗』『你说说什么呢是原型链』感觉会，但是不知道怎么说。针对这个，系统的学习了下继承的几种方式，总结出来。

先理解 构造函数、原型、和实例的关系：
每一个构造函数都有一个原型对象，原型对象包含一个指向构造函数的指针，实例包含一个指向原型对象的指针。让原型对象等于另一个类型的实例
此时原型对象将包含指向另一个原型的指针，则构成了原型链

1、原型链继承：
利用原型让一个引用类型继承另一个引用类型的属性和方法

function SuperType() {
    this.property = true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
   return this.property;
}
function SubType() {
    this.subProperty = false;
}
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.constructor = SubType;
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function () {
    return this.subProperty;
}
var instance = new SubType();
console.log(instance.constructor);

2、借用构造函数继承

function Father(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.sayName = function() {
        return this.name;
    }
}

function Student() {
    Father.call(this, "lisi");
}

var student = new Student();
console.log(student.sayName());

3、组合继承

function Animals(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.colors = ["red", "green"];
}
Animals.prototype.sayName = function(){
    return this.name;
}

Animals.prototype.sayAge = function(){
    return this.age;
}
Animals.prototype.sayColor = function(){
    return this.colors;
}

function Sheep() {
    Animals.call(this, "yang");
    this.age = 13;
}

Sheep.prototype = new Animals();
Sheep.prototype.constructor = Sheep;

var sheep = new Sheep();
sheep.colors.push("white");
console.log(Sheep.prototype.isPrototypeOf(sheep));
var sheep12 = new Sheep();
console.log(Animals.prototype.isPrototypeOf(sheep12));

4、原型式继承

function object(o) {
    function f() {}
    f.prototype = o;
    return new f();
}
var wutong = {
    name: "wutong",
    friends: ["shangze", "pingan"]
};
var anotherWutong = Object.create(wutong, {name: {
    value: "wutong1"
    }});
anotherWutong.name = "gren";
anotherWutong.friends.push("feifei");
console.log(anotherWutong);
var anotherWutong1 = Object.create(wutong);
console.log(anotherWutong1.name);

5、寄生式继承

function creatAnother(original) {
    var clone = Object.create(original);
    clone.sayHi = function() {
        console.log(this.name);
    }
    return clone;
}

var another = {
    name: "li9si",
    age: 23
}

var anotherPerson = creatAnother(another);
anotherPerson.sayHi();

6、寄生组合式继承

   function SuperType1(name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = 13;
        console.log(this);
    }
    SuperType1.prototype.sayName = function(){
        console.log(this.name);
    }
    function SubType1() {
        SuperType1.call(this, "lisi");
    }
    var obj = Object.create(SuperType1.prototype);
    SubType1.prototype = obj;
    SubType1.prototype.constructor = SubType1;
    var subtype1 = new SubType1();
    console.log(subtype1);