【二十四】循环控制语句和推导式、pass语句

循环控制语句和推导式、pass语句

break

• 终止所在的循环

for i in range(3):
	
    for j in range(3):
		print("hello")
		break # 只终止所在的循环, 所以输出3个 hello

continue

• 跳过当前，继续到循环位置

a = 0
while a <= 5:
	if a == 3:
		a += 1
		continue
	print(a)
	a += 1

推导式

列表推导式

由一对方括号里面包含一个表达式，后面跟一个 for 子句，然后是零个或多个 for 或 if 子句组成，其结果将是一个新列表，由表达式依据后面的 for 和 if 子 句的内容进行求值计算而得出

squares = []
for x in range(10):
	squares.append(x**2)
    
# squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

# result = [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x!= y]

result = []
for x in [1,2,3]:
	for y in [3,1,4]:
		if x != y:
			result.append((x, y))

嵌套的列表推导式

• 列表推导式中的初始表达式可以是任何表达式，包括另一个列表推导 式

matrix = [[1, 2, 3, 4],
		  [5, 6, 7, 8],
		  [9, 10, 11, 12]]

# result = [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]

# result = []
# for i in range(4):
#   	result.append([row[i] for row in matrix])

result = []
for i in range(4):
	temp = []
	for row in matrix:
		temp.append(row[i])
result.append(temp)

字典推导式

dic = {x: x**2 for x in range(4)}
print(dic)

dic = {x: x**2 for x in range(6) if x % 2 == 0}
print(dic)

dic = {k: v for k, v in zip((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6))}
print(dic)

集合推导式

set1 = {x**2 for x in range(4)}
print(set1)

set1 = {x for x in 'abracadabra' if x not in 'abc'}
print(set1)

pass 语句

pass 是一个空操作, 当它被执行时, 什么都不发生。它适合当语法上需要一条语 句但并不需要执行任何代码时用来临时占位

num = int(input("请输入一个数字: "))
if num < 100:
	pass
else:
	pass