21年广东省云计算技能大赛样卷（基础运维部分）

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已于 2023-05-09 16:36:08 修改

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分类专栏： 21年广东省云计算技能大赛样卷文章标签：运维 linux centos

于 2023-05-09 15:48:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46396917/article/details/130581014

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【任务1】基础运维任务[5分]

【题目1】基础环境配置

（1）设置控制节点主机名为controller，设置计算节点主机名为compute；

[root@controller ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname controller
[root@compute ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname compute

（2）修改hosts文件将IP地址映射为主机名；

[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.100.10 controller
192.168.100.20 compute

（3）关闭控制节点的防火墙，设置开机不启动；

[root@controller ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@controller ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

（4）设置SELinux为Permissive 模式。

[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config 

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=permissive                               👈 修改这里
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

【题目2】镜像挂载

将提供的CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso和chinaskill_cloud_iaas.iso光盘镜像上传到controller节点/root目录下，然后在/opt目录下分别创建centos目录和openstack目录，并将镜像文件CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso挂载到centos目录下，将镜像文件chinaskill_cloud_iaas.iso挂载到openstack目录下。完成后提交控制节点的用户名、密码和IP地址到答题框。

# 已上传镜像
[root@controller ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  bricsskills_cloud_iaas.iso  CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso  cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img

# 创建目录
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /opt/centos
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /opt/openstack

# 挂载镜像
[root@controller ~]# mount -o loop CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso /opt/centos
[root@controller ~]# mount -o loop bricsskills_cloud_iaas.iso /opt/openstack

【题目3】Yum源配置

在controller节点上利用/opt/centos目录中的软件包安装vsftpd服务，设置开机自启动，并使用ftp提供yum仓库服务（ftp共享的目录为/opt），分别设置controller节点和compute节点的yum源文件ftp.repo，其中ftp服务器地址使用主机名形式。完成后提交控制节点的用户名、密码和IP地址到答题框。

# 将 yum.repo.d 下的所有文件移动到 /opt
[root@controller ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt

# 新建一个 yum 源文件
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo 
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=file:///opt/centos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[iaas]
name=iaas
baseurl=file:///opt/openstack/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

# compute节点
[root@compute ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/ftp.repo
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/ftp.repo 
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=ftp://controller/centos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[iaas]
name=iaas
baseurl=ftp://controller/openstack/iaas-repo
gogcheck=0
enabled=1

# 检查 controller 是否能使用yum
[root@controller ~]# yum list

# controller 节点安装ftp，并设置共享目录
[root@controller ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 
anon_root=/opt

# 启动并设置开机自启发 ftp
systemctl start vsftpd
systemctl enable vsftpd

# 检查 compute 节点是否能使用 yum
[root@compute ~]# yum list

【题目4】时间同步配置

在controller节点上部署chrony服务器，允许其他节点同步时间，启动服务并设置为开机启动；在compute节点上指定controller节点为上游NTP服务器，重启服务并设为开机启动。完成后提交控制节点的用户名、密码和IP地址到答题框。

# 检查chrony是否启动
[root@controller ~]# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-03-02 08:21:14 EST; 40min ago
     Docs: man:chronyd(8)
           man:chrony.conf(5)
 Main PID: 776 (chronyd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
           └─776 /usr/sbin/chronyd

Mar 02 08:21:13 controller systemd[1]: Starting NTP client/server...
Mar 02 08:21:14 controller chronyd[776]: chronyd version 3.2 starting (+CMDMON +NTP +REFCLOCK +RTC +PRIVDROP +SCFILTER +SECHASH +SIGND +ASYNCDNS +IPV6 +DEBUG)
Mar 02 08:21:14 controller chronyd[776]: Frequency -17.041 +/- 1.387 ppm read from /var/lib/chrony/drift
Mar 02 08:21:14 controller systemd[1]: Started NTP client/server.
Mar 02 08:21:22 controller chronyd[776]: Selected source 193.182.111.141
Mar 02 08:21:25 controller chronyd[776]: Selected source 111.230.189.174
Mar 02 08:40:52 controller chronyd[776]: Source 116.203.151.74 replaced with 139.199.214.202

# 配置chrony
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/chrony.conf 
# server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst    👈 将这些全部注释掉
# server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
# server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
# server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 192.168.100.10 iburst     # 将自己设置为时间服务器
allow 192.168.100.0/24           # 允许这个网段的其他主机连接
local stratum 10                 # 即使未与时间源同步，也提供服务时间

# compute 指定controller为上游ntp服务器
[root@compute ~]# vi /etc/chrony.conf 
server 192.168.100.10 iburst

# 重启并设置开机自启 chrony
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable chronyd

【题目5】计算节点分区

在compute节点上利用空白分区划分2个100G分区。完成后提交计算节点的用户名、密码和IP地址到答题框。

# 查看分区信息
[root@compute ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 27.9G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   10G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   10G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1  4.2G  0 rom  

# 分区
[root@compute ~]# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart   # 分区命令
Partition type?  primary/extended? primary       # 选择主分区                         
File system type?  [ext2]?     # 选择文件系统类型                                           
Start? 30G             # 起始大小                                                   
End? 60G               # 结束大小
Warning: You requested a partition from 30.0GB to 60.0GB (sectors 58593750..117187500).
The closest location we can manage is 31.0GB to 60.0GB (sectors 60571648..117187500).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? YES       # 填yes                                                        
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  31.0GB  29.9GB  primary               lvm
 3      31.0GB  60.0GB  29.0GB  primary                      👈创建成功

# 将分区格式化
[root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1769246 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7076981, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=3455, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda4
meta-data=/dev/sda4              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1831040 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7324160, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=3576, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

# 检查是否成功
[root@compute ~]# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  31.0GB  29.9GB  primary               lvm
 3      31.0GB  60.0GB  29.0GB  primary  xfs                👈 file为xfs
 4      61.0GB  91.0GB  30.0GB  primary  xfs