Linux笔记

cd

$ cd --help
cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
    Change the shell working directory.

    Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the
    HOME shell variable.

    The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing
    DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).
    A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins
    with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.

    If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,
    the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,
    its value is used for DIR.

    Options:
      -L        force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic
                links in DIR after processing instances of `..'
      -P        use the physical directory structure without following
                symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before
                processing instances of `..'
      -e        if the -P option is supplied, and the current working
                directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with
                a non-zero status
      -@        on systems that support it, present a file with extended
                attributes as a directory containing the file attributes

    The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
    `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
    back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.

    Exit Status:
    Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
    -P is used; non-zero otherwise.

切换D盘

$ cd /d

$ pwd
/d

curl

curl --help all
Usage: curl [options...] <url>
     --abstract-unix-socket <path>  Connect via abstract Unix domain socket
     --alt-svc <file name>  Enable alt-svc with this cache file
     --anyauth       Pick any authentication method
 -a, --append        Append to target file when uploading
     --aws-sigv4 <provider1[:provider2[:region[:service]]]>  Use AWS V4 signature authentication
     --basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication
     --cacert <file>  CA certificate to verify peer against
     --capath <dir>  CA directory to verify peer against
 -E, --cert <certificate[:password]>  Client certificate file and password
     --cert-status   Verify the status of the server cert via OCSP-staple
     --cert-type <type>  Certificate type (DER/PEM/ENG)
     --ciphers <list of ciphers>  SSL ciphers to use
     --compressed    Request compressed response
     --compressed-ssh  Enable SSH compression
 -K, --config <file>  Read config from a file
     --connect-timeout <fractional seconds>  Maximum time allowed for connection
     --connect-to <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2>  Connect to host
 -C, --continue-at <offset>  Resumed transfer offset
 -b, --cookie <data|filename>  Send cookies from string/file
 -c, --cookie-jar <filename>  Write cookies to <filename> after operation
     --create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy
     --create-file-mode <mode>  File mode (octal) for created files
     --crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload
     --crlfile <file>  Use this CRL list
     --curves <algorithm list>  (EC) TLS key exchange algorithm(s) to request
 -d, --data <data>   HTTP POST data
     --data-ascii <data>  HTTP POST ASCII data
     --data-binary <data>  HTTP POST binary data
     --data-raw <data>  HTTP POST data, '@' allowed
     --data-urlencode <data>  HTTP POST data url encoded
     --delegation <LEVEL>  GSS-API delegation permission
     --digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication
 -q, --disable       Disable .curlrc
     --disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT
     --disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV
     --disallow-username-in-url  Disallow username in url
     --dns-interface <interface>  Interface to use for DNS requests
     --dns-ipv4-addr <address>  IPv4 address to use for DNS requests
     --dns-ipv6-addr <address>  IPv6 address to use for DNS requests
     --dns-servers <addresses>  DNS server addrs to use
     --doh-cert-status  Verify the status of the DoH server cert via OCSP-staple
     --doh-insecure  Allow insecure DoH server connections
     --doh-url <URL>  Resolve host names over DoH
 -D, --dump-header <filename>  Write the received headers to <filename>
     --egd-file <file>  EGD socket path for random data
     --engine <name>  Crypto engine to use
     --etag-compare <file>  Pass an ETag from a file as a custom header
     --etag-save <file>  Parse ETag from a request and save it to a file
     --expect100-timeout <seconds>  How long to wait for 100-continue
 -f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors
     --fail-early    Fail on first transfer error, do not continue
     --fail-with-body  Fail on HTTP errors but save the body
     --false-start   Enable TLS False Start
 -F, --form <name=content>  Specify multipart MIME data
     --form-string <name=string>  Specify multipart MIME data
     --ftp-account <data>  Account data string
     --ftp-alternative-to-user <command>  String to replace USER [name]
     --ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present
     --ftp-method <method>  Control CWD usage
     --ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT
 -P, --ftp-port <address>  Use PORT instead of PASV
     --ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV
     --ftp-skip-pasv-ip  Skip the IP address for PASV
     --ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating
     --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode <active/passive>  Set CCC mode
     --ftp-ssl-control  Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer
 -G, --get           Put the post data in the URL and use GET
 -g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
     --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms <milliseconds>  Time for IPv6 before trying IPv4
     --haproxy-protocol  Send HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header
 -I, --head          Show document info only
 -H, --header <header/@file>  Pass custom header(s) to server
 -h, --help <category>  Get help for commands
     --hostpubmd5 <md5>  Acceptable MD5 hash of the host public key
     --hsts <file name>  Enable HSTS with this cache file
     --http0.9       Allow HTTP 0.9 responses
 -0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0
     --http1.1       Use HTTP 1.1
     --http2         Use HTTP 2
     --http2-prior-knowledge  Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade
     --http3         Use HTTP v3
     --ignore-content-length  Ignore the size of the remote resource
 -i, --include       Include protocol response headers in the output
 -k, --insecure      Allow insecure server connections when using SSL
     --interface <name>  Use network INTERFACE (or address)
 -4, --ipv4          Resolve names to IPv4 addresses
 -6, --ipv6          Resolve names to IPv6 addresses
 -j, --junk-session-cookies  Ignore session cookies read from file
     --keepalive-time <seconds>  Interval time for keepalive probes
     --key <key>     Private key file name
     --key-type <type>  Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG)
     --krb <level>   Enable Kerberos with security <level>
     --libcurl <file>  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
     --limit-rate <speed>  Limit transfer speed to RATE
 -l, --list-only     List only mode
     --local-port <num/range>  Force use of RANGE for local port numbers
 -L, --location      Follow redirects
     --location-trusted  Like --location, and send auth to other hosts
     --login-options <options>  Server login options
     --mail-auth <address>  Originator address of the original email
     --mail-from <address>  Mail from this address
     --mail-rcpt <address>  Mail to this address
     --mail-rcpt-allowfails  Allow RCPT TO command to fail for some recipients
 -M, --manual        Display the full manual
     --max-filesize <bytes>  Maximum file size to download
     --max-redirs <num>  Maximum number of redirects allowed
 -m, --max-time <fractional seconds>  Maximum time allowed for the transfer
     --metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file
     --negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication
 -n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password
     --netrc-file <filename>  Specify FILE for netrc
     --netrc-optional  Use either .netrc or URL
 -:, --next          Make next URL use its separate set of options
     --no-alpn       Disable the ALPN TLS extension
 -N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream
     --no-keepalive  Disable TCP keepalive on the connection
     --no-npn        Disable the NPN TLS extension
     --no-progress-meter  Do not show the progress meter
     --no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing
     --noproxy <no-proxy-list>  List of hosts which do not use proxy
     --ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication
     --ntlm-wb       Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind
     --oauth2-bearer <token>  OAuth 2 Bearer Token
 -o, --output <file>  Write to file instead of stdout
     --output-dir <dir>  Directory to save files in
 -Z, --parallel      Perform transfers in parallel
     --parallel-immediate  Do not wait for multiplexing (with --parallel)
     --parallel-max <num>  Maximum concurrency for parallel transfers
     --pass <phrase>  Pass phrase for the private key
     --path-as-is    Do not squash .. sequences in URL path
     --pinnedpubkey <hashes>  FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against
     --post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301
     --post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302
     --post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303
     --preproxy [protocol://]host[:port]  Use this proxy first
 -#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a bar
     --proto <protocols>  Enable/disable PROTOCOLS
     --proto-default <protocol>  Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme
     --proto-redir <protocols>  Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect
 -x, --proxy [protocol://]host[:port]  Use this proxy
     --proxy-anyauth  Pick any proxy authentication method
     --proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy
     --proxy-cacert <file>  CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy
     --proxy-capath <dir>  CA directory to verify peer against for proxy
     --proxy-cert <cert[:passwd]>  Set client certificate for proxy
     --proxy-cert-type <type>  Client certificate type for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-ciphers <list>  SSL ciphers to use for proxy
     --proxy-crlfile <file>  Set a CRL list for proxy
     --proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy
     --proxy-header <header/@file>  Pass custom header(s) to proxy
     --proxy-insecure  Do HTTPS proxy connections without verifying the proxy
     --proxy-key <key>  Private key for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-key-type <type>  Private key file type for proxy
     --proxy-negotiate  Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy
     --proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy
     --proxy-pass <phrase>  Pass phrase for the private key for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-pinnedpubkey <hashes>  FILE/HASHES public key to verify proxy with
     --proxy-service-name <name>  SPNEGO proxy service name
     --proxy-ssl-allow-beast  Allow security flaw for interop for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert  Use auto client certificate for proxy (Schannel)
     --proxy-tls13-ciphers <ciphersuite list>  TLS 1.3 proxy cipher suites
     --proxy-tlsauthtype <type>  TLS authentication type for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-tlspassword <string>  TLS password for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-tlsuser <name>  TLS username for HTTPS proxy
     --proxy-tlsv1   Use TLSv1 for HTTPS proxy
 -U, --proxy-user <user:password>  Proxy user and password
     --proxy1.0 <host[:port]>  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
 -p, --proxytunnel   Operate through an HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)
     --pubkey <key>  SSH Public key file name
 -Q, --quote <command>  Send command(s) to server before transfer
     --random-file <file>  File for reading random data from
 -r, --range <range>  Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE
     --raw           Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding
 -e, --referer <URL>  Referrer URL
 -J, --remote-header-name  Use the header-provided filename
 -O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file
     --remote-name-all  Use the remote file name for all URLs
 -R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output
 -X, --request <command>  Specify request command to use
     --request-target <path>  Specify the target for this request
     --resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...>  Resolve the host+port to this address
     --retry <num>   Retry request if transient problems occur
     --retry-all-errors  Retry all errors (use with --retry)
     --retry-connrefused  Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)
     --retry-delay <seconds>  Wait time between retries
     --retry-max-time <seconds>  Retry only within this period
     --sasl-authzid <identity>  Identity for SASL PLAIN authentication
     --sasl-ir       Enable initial response in SASL authentication
     --service-name <name>  SPNEGO service name
 -S, --show-error    Show error even when -s is used
 -s, --silent        Silent mode
     --socks4 <host[:port]>  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
     --socks4a <host[:port]>  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
     --socks5 <host[:port]>  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
     --socks5-basic  Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies
     --socks5-gssapi  Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies
     --socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
     --socks5-gssapi-service <name>  SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API
     --socks5-hostname <host[:port]>  SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
 -Y, --speed-limit <speed>  Stop transfers slower than this
 -y, --speed-time <seconds>  Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after this time
     --ssl           Try SSL/TLS
     --ssl-allow-beast  Allow security flaw to improve interop
     --ssl-auto-client-cert  Use auto client certificate (Schannel)
     --ssl-no-revoke  Disable cert revocation checks (Schannel)
     --ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS
     --ssl-revoke-best-effort  Ignore missing/offline cert CRL dist points
 -2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2
 -3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3
     --stderr <file>  Where to redirect stderr
     --styled-output  Enable styled output for HTTP headers
     --suppress-connect-headers  Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers
     --tcp-fastopen  Use TCP Fast Open
     --tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option
 -t, --telnet-option <opt=val>  Set telnet option
     --tftp-blksize <value>  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option
     --tftp-no-options  Do not send any TFTP options
 -z, --time-cond <time>  Transfer based on a time condition
     --tls-max <VERSION>  Set maximum allowed TLS version
     --tls13-ciphers <ciphersuite list>  TLS 1.3 cipher suites to use
     --tlsauthtype <type>  TLS authentication type
     --tlspassword <string>  TLS password
     --tlsuser <name>  TLS user name
 -1, --tlsv1         Use TLSv1.0 or greater
     --tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 or greater
     --tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 or greater
     --tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 or greater
     --tlsv1.3       Use TLSv1.3 or greater
     --tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding
     --trace <file>  Write a debug trace to FILE
     --trace-ascii <file>  Like --trace, but without hex output
     --trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
     --unix-socket <path>  Connect through this Unix domain socket
 -T, --upload-file <file>  Transfer local FILE to destination
     --url <url>     URL to work with
 -B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer
 -u, --user <user:password>  Server user and password
 -A, --user-agent <name>  Send User-Agent <name> to server
 -v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative
 -V, --version       Show version number and quit
 -w, --write-out <format>  Use output FORMAT after completion
     --xattr         Store metadata in extended file attributes

vim

Vim Chinese Documentation

$ vim --help
VIM - Vi IMproved 8.1 (2018 May 18, compiled Oct  1 2019 05:31:13)

用法: vim [参数] [文件 ..]       编辑指定的文件
  或: vim [参数] -               从标准输入(stdin)读取文本
  或: vim [参数] -t tag          编辑 tag 定义处的文件
  或: vim [参数] -q [errorfile]  编辑第一个出错处的文件

参数:
   --                   在这以后只有文件名
   -v                   Vi 模式 (同 "vi")
   -e                   Ex 模式 (同 "ex")
   -E                   Improved Ex mode
   -s                   安静(批处理)模式 (只能与 "ex" 一起使用)
   -d                   Diff 模式 (同 "vimdiff")
   -y                   容易模式 (同 "evim"，无模式)
   -R                   只读模式 (同 "view")
   -Z                   限制模式 (同 "rvim")
   -m                   不可修改(写入文件)
   -M                   文本不可修改
   -b                   二进制模式
   -l                   Lisp 模式
   -C                   兼容传统的 Vi: 'compatible'
   -N                   不完全兼容传统的 Vi: 'nocompatible'
   -V[N][fname]         Be verbose [level N] [log messages to fname]
   -D                   调试模式
   -n                   不使用交换文件，只使用内存
   -r                   列出交换文件并退出
   -r (跟文件名)                恢复崩溃的会话
   -L                   同 -r
   -A                   以 Arabic 模式启动
   -H                   以 Hebrew 模式启动
   -T <terminal>        设定终端类型为 <terminal>
   --not-a-term         Skip warning for input/output not being a terminal
   --ttyfail            Exit if input or output is not a terminal
   -u <vimrc>           使用 <vimrc> 替代任何 .vimrc
   --noplugin           不加载 plugin 脚本
   -p[N]                打开 N 个标签页 (默认值: 每个文件一个)
   -o[N]                打开 N 个窗口 (默认值: 每个文件一个)
   -O[N]                同 -o 但垂直分割
   +                    启动后跳到文件末尾
   +<lnum>              启动后跳到第 <lnum> 行
   --cmd <command>      加载任何 vimrc 文件前执行 <command>
   -c <command>         加载第一个文件后执行 <command>
   -S <session>         加载第一个文件后执行文件 <session>
   -s <scriptin>        从文件 <scriptin> 读入正常模式的命令
   -w <scriptout>       将所有输入的命令追加到文件 <scriptout>
   -W <scriptout>       将所有输入的命令写入到文件 <scriptout>
   -x                   编辑加密的文件
   --startuptime <file> Write startup timing messages to <file>
   -i <viminfo>         使用 <viminfo> 取代 .viminfo
   --clean              'nocompatible', Vim defaults, no plugins, no viminfo
   -h  或  --help       打印帮助(本信息)并退出
   --version            打印版本信息并退出