Android使用Gradle kotlin dsl 优雅配置构建项目

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 11:23:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 11:23:57 发布

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文章标签： android kotlin 开发语言

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zxj2589/article/details/132266308

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概述

Gradle的出现可以说是为Android的项目构建插上了翅膀，让Android的apk打包构建更简单高效。开发者可以自己去定义打包的过程，比如在打包的过程中进行字节码插桩，多渠道打包，在老版本的Android中还可以依赖Gradle实现APP的插件化开发。但是Gradle是使用Groovy语言开发的，虽然说是和JAVA语言差不多，语法啥的差异也不大，但是终究他们两个还是不同的语言，开发者要想做Android打包的配置，还需要去了解Groovy语言，这无疑增加了开发者的负担。

但是由于Oracle公司将Google公司给告了，导致google不得不将Android的官方语言改成Kotlin，这一改，很多开发者之前可就不开心了，包括我也一样。但是后面真香定律生效了，Kotlin是真的香。更爽的是Google推出了ComposeUI,让使用XML写布局的时代渐行渐远了。这让我特别开心，因为我只需要学习Kotlin,一种语言，我就可以进行Android开发了，不需要再去记忆xml中的那些语法了。然后我意识到，构建工具还是其他语言呀，要是能都用Kotlin就爽了。然后Google仿佛听到了我的心声，推出了基于Kotlin dsl的gradle，也就是说，我们也可以使用Kotlin来编写Gradle脚本了。真的是爽翻天了呀，然后我就去尝试了下，真的很爽，依赖管理啥的特别清晰。而且只需要一次定义，然后在很多地方都可以使用，本文就是记录如何使用Kotlin dsl语言来编写Android项目的构建插件

1.Gradle Kotlin-DSL配置

Android的构建产物一般有两种，一种是APK的形式，直接可以安装运行，另外一种是AAR的形式，作为SDK库提供给其他应用使用。本文会分别介绍这两种方式的配置和编写。步骤如下：

1.1 在根目录下建立一个buildSrc目录，

这里需要注意的是名字必须是buildSrc，这个目录是gradle插件的一种方式，也就是这个目录会被自动参与构建，在目录下面创建出下图中的包结构和类，准备开始编写我们的项目构建脚本

在这里插入图片描述

1.2.新建build.gradle.kts文件并添加Kotlin dsl相关配置

要想使用 KotlinDsl，需要我们引入kotlin 的插件，我们在上一步创建的buildSrc目录下新建build.gradle.kts并引入kotlin相关的配置，代码如下：

plugins {
    `kotlin-dsl`
}

repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
implementation(“com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.2”)
implementation(kotlin(“gradle-plugin”,“1.7.10”))
}

这样就将Kotlin dsl引入到项目中了，下面我们需要使用Kotlin编写我们构建Android项目时的配置了。

2.Gradle Kotlin DSL 的编写

在新建完buildSrc目录和build.gradle.kts文件引入了kotlin dsl的插件后，我们就可以使用Kotlin dsl插件配置构建Android项目了，步骤如下：

2.1 定义项目的版本号信息

在构建Android项目时，我们需要定义项目的最小支持Android SDK和最大支持的Android SDK，以及编译使用的SDK等信息，这些信息我们可以在buildSrc目录下新建一个Version类保存，代码如下所示：

object Versions {
    const val applicationId = "com.xxx.xxxx" // apk的包名
    const val compileSdkVersion = 33
    const val minSdkVersion = 24
    const val targetSdkVersion = 33
    const val versionCode = 1
    const val versionName = "1.0.0"
}

 
 
 
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2.2.定义Dependencies管理项目中需要使用的库依赖

在之前使用groovy语言定义的依赖中，我们在需要第三方库或者官方库的时候，都会去使用 implementation("xxx.xxx.xxx.A库") 这种方式引入依赖，假设在项目的另一个Module中也需要使用这个库，因为是implementation的，所以另一个模块需要再去引用这个库，这些都还好，主要是涉及库的版本更新时不好管理，假设两个模块使用的库版本不一致，而恰好这两个版本的库中的功能做了修改，那么就会导致一个模块能工作另一个模块不能工作了，所以将依赖集中到一个地方管理很有必要，下面我们可以使用一个Dependencies类管理我们项目中的所有依赖，代码如下：

object Dependencies {
    private object DependencieVersions {
        const val kotlin = "1.5.31"
        const val kotlin_coroutines = "1.6.4"
        const val arouter = "1.5.2"
        const val retrofit = "2.9.0"
        const val exoplayer = "2.18.1"
        const val compose_ui_version = "1.3.0"
        const val moshi = "1.13.0"
        const val room = "2.4.3"
    }
<span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">getComposeUiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> String <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui_version
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> Apache <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> commons_net <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"commons-net:commons-net:3.7.2"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>


<span class="token keyword">object</span> Alibaba <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> arouter_api <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.alibaba:arouter-api:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arouter</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> arouter_compiler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.alibaba:arouter-compiler:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arouter</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> AndroidX <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> junit_ext <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> espresso <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> core <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.core:core-ktx:1.8.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> activity_ktx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.5.1"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> appcompat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.5.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> lifecycle_runtime_ktx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1"</span></span>

    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> room_ktx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.room:room-ktx:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>room</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> room <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.room:room-runtime:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>room</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> room_compiler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.room:room-compiler:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>room</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> androidx_recyclerview <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.3.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> constraintlayout <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> swiperefreshlayout <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> androidx_collection_ktx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.collection:collection-ktx:1.2.0"</span></span>

    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> paging <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.paging:paging-runtime-ktx:3.1.1"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> ComposeUI <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> activity_compose <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.3.1"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> compose_ui <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.compose.ui:ui:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui_version</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> compose_ui_tooling_preview <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui_version</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> compose_material <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.compose.material:material:1.2.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> compose_ui_test_manifest <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui_version</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> Junit <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> junit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"junit:junit:4.12"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> Kotlin <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> lib <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>kotlin</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> stdlib_jdk7 <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>kotlin</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> coroutines_core <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>kotlin_coroutines</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> coroutines_android <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>kotlin_coroutines</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>


<span class="token keyword">object</span> Square <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> leakcanary <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:2.9.1"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> retrofit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>retrofit</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> retrofit_moshi <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>retrofit</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> moshi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.squareup.moshi:moshi:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>moshi</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> moshi_codegen <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin-codegen:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>moshi</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> GitHub <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token comment">//switch keyboard panel</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> keyboard_panel <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.github.albfernandez:juniversalchardet:2.4.0"</span></span>

    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> banner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"io.github.youth5201314:banner:2.2.2"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> glide <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.13.2"</span></span>

    <span class="token comment">//ftp</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> nano_http <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.nanohttpd:nanohttpd:2.3.1"</span></span>

    <span class="token comment">//smb</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> smbj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.hierynomus:smbj:0.10.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> dcerpc <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.rapid7.client:dcerpc:0.10.0"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> jsoup <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.jsoup:jsoup:1.11.2"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> Google <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> material <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.material:material:1.8.0-alpha01"</span></span>

    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> exoplayer <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.exoplayer:exoplayer:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> exoplayer_core <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.exoplayer:exoplayer-core:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> exoplayer_dash <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.exoplayer:exoplayer-dash:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> exoplayer_hls <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.exoplayer:exoplayer-hls:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> exoplayer_smoothstraming <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.exoplayer:exoplayer-smoothstreaming:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> exoplayer_rtmp <span class="token operator">=</span>
        <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.google.android.exoplayer:extension-rtmp:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${<!-- --></span><span class="token expression">DependencieVersions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> Tencent <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> mmkv <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.tencent:mmkv-static:1.2.14"</span></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> bugly <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"com.tencent.bugly:crashreport:4.1.9"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">object</span> VLC <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">val</span> vlc <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"org.videolan.android:libvlc-all:3.5.1"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

如上面的类所示，我们将所有依赖都分类管理，当需要使用的时候，直接找对应的依赖就行了

2.3 定义APK的打包脚本

在此之前，我们可以先准备好相关的辅助工具类，如下所示：
在这里插入图片描述首先是OutputHelper,主要时定义输出的产物名称之类的配置，代码如下所示：

object OutputHelper {
    private val format = SimpleDateFormat("MMddHHmm", Locale.CHINA)
<span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">outputFileName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token operator">:</span> BaseVariantOutput<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span>String<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">val</span> time <span class="token operator">=</span> format<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span>"otterPlayer_v
  $<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>Versions<span class="token punctuation">.</span>versionName<span class="token punctuation">}</span>_$<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>variant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span>_$time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>apk"  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

然后是ProjectExtension.kt，这个类主要做的是一些Project的扩展，使用kotlin的扩展函数定义，主要用于做一些默认的配置，签名的配置等，由于项目中的很多配置可能都是相同的，所以为了不重复定义，可以在这里添加上默认的这些配置，代码如下：

fun BaseExtension.setupKotlinOptions() {
    val extensions = (this as ExtensionAware).extensions
    val kotlinOptions = extensions.getByName<KotlinJvmOptions>
    ("kotlinOptions")
    kotlinOptions.apply {
        jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8.toString()
    }
}

fun BaseExtension.setUpComposeFeature() {
val extensions = (this as ExtensionAware).extensions
val kotlinOptions = extensions
.getByName<KotlinJvmOptions>(“kotlinOptions”)
}

fun Project.setupDefaultdDependencies() {
dependencies.apply {
add(
“implementation”,
fileTree(“include” to listOf(“*.jar”), “dir” to “libs”)
)

    <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"testImplementation"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidTestImplementation"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit_ext<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"androidTestImplementation"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>espresso<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

fun AppExtension.setUpSignConfigs(project: Project) =
apply {
signingConfigs {
named(“debug”) {
SignConfig.debug(project, this)
}

        <span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"release"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            SignConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">release</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>project<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    buildTypes <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"debug"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            signingConfig <span class="token operator">=</span> signingConfigs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            isMinifyEnabled <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
            <span class="token function">proguardFiles</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token function">getDefaultProguardFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"proguard-android-optimize.txt"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"proguard-rules.pro"</span></span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"release"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            signingConfig <span class="token operator">=</span> signingConfigs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            isMinifyEnabled <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
            <span class="token function">proguardFiles</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token function">getDefaultProguardFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"proguard-android-optimize.txt"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"proguard-rules.pro"</span></span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"beta"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            <span class="token function">initWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"release"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

fun AppExtension.setupOutputApk() = apply {
applicationVariants.all {
outputs.forEach {
if (it is ApkVariantOutput) {
it.outputFileName = OutputHelper.outputFileName(it)
}
}
}
}

最后是签名配置，我们可以把签名的信息放到gradle文件夹下，如下：
在这里插入图片描述 注意：不要把项目上线时使用的签名信息放到这里，不安全
然后我们使用一个配置类去读取这个配置，代码如下所示：

object SignConfig {
<span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">debug</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>project<span class="token operator">:</span> Project<span class="token punctuation">,</span> config<span class="token operator">:</span> SigningConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">val</span> properties <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">loadProperties</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>project<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?:</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span>
    config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token function">storeFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>project<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAssembleFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"KEY_LOCATION"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">storePassword</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"KEYSTORE_PASS"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">keyAlias</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"ALIAS_NAME"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">keyPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"ALIAS_PASS"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        enableV1Signing <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">release</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>project<span class="token operator">:</span> Project<span class="token punctuation">,</span> config<span class="token operator">:</span> SigningConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">val</span> keystoreFile <span class="token operator">=</span> project<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAssembleFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"dandanplay.jks"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        storeFile <span class="token operator">=</span> keystoreFile
        <span class="token function">storePassword</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"KEYSTORE_PASS"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">keyAlias</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"ALIAS_NAME"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">keyPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"ALIAS_PASS"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">loadProperties</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>project<span class="token operator">:</span> Project<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Properties<span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">var</span> propertiesFile <span class="token operator">=</span> project<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAssembleFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"keystore.properties"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>propertiesFile<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">not</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        propertiesFile <span class="token operator">=</span> project<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAssembleFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"debug.properties"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>propertiesFile<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">val</span> properties <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">Properties</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        properties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">load</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">FileInputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>propertiesFile<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> properties
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> Project<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAssembleFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fileName<span class="token operator">:</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> File <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">File</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rootDir<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"gradle/assemble/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">$</span><span class="token expression">fileName</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

定义完辅助的工具类后，我们就可以开始编写我们的项目构建脚本了，我们都知道Android可以有两种构建方式，一种是构建应用，输出的是一个APK的文件，可以放到Android手机上安装运行，另一种是库文件，包括AAR和JAR。所以我们需要对这两种构建方式分别配置，使用的时候选择对应的配置使用就行了。首先是构建APK

构建APK的类

un Project.applicationSetup(isComposeUi: Boolean) {
    extensions.getByName<AppExtension>("android").apply {
        compileOptions {
            sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
            targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        }
    buildFeatures<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        dataBinding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isEnabled <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token function">setupKotlinOptions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">setUpSignConfigs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token label symbol">@applicationSetup</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">setupOutputApk</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>isComposeUi<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        buildFeatures<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            compose <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        composeOptions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion <span class="token operator">=</span>
                Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getComposeUiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function">setupDefaultdDependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

}

构建Module的类

fun Project.moduleSetup() {
    extensions.getByName<LibraryExtension>("android").apply {
        compileSdk = Versions.compileSdkVersion
        defaultConfig {
            minSdk = Versions.minSdkVersion
            targetSdk = Versions.targetSdkVersion
        }
    buildTypes <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"release"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            isMinifyEnabled <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
            <span class="token function">proguardFiles</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token function">getDefaultProguardFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"proguard-android-optimize.txt"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"proguard-rules.pro"</span></span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"debug"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            <span class="token function">initWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>buildTypes<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"debug"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"beta"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            <span class="token function">initWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>buildTypes<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline"><span class="token string">"beta"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        compileOptions <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            sourceCompatibility <span class="token operator">=</span> JavaVersion<span class="token punctuation">.</span>VERSION_1_8
            targetCompatibility <span class="token operator">=</span> JavaVersion<span class="token punctuation">.</span>VERSION_1_8
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        buildFeatures <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            dataBinding <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">setupKotlinOptions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token function">setupDefaultdDependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

代码很好懂，就不一行行的解释了，构建脚本嘛能用就行了，主要原理就是Kotlin的扩展函数和使用提供的kotlin dsl gradle插件来编写Android 项目的构建脚本

3.使用Gradle Kotlin DSL

当我们的构建脚本编写完后就可以使用了，使用起来很简单，我们新建完Module或者应用模块后，只需要将对应的build.gradle文件改造一下就好了，如下所示：

3.1 新建应用模块，产物是APK

如果新建的是一个应用模块，我们需要使用的是applicationSetup这个扩展函数，应用模块下的build.gradle.kts代码如下所示：

import setup.applicationSetup // 引入我们之前编写的kotlin dsl构建脚本

plugins {
id(“com.android.application”) // 表示包产物是应用
kotlin(“android”)
kotlin(“kapt”)
}
applicationSetup(true) // 调用构建APK的扩展函数
// remove warning message because of @Incubating
@Suppress(“UnstableApiUsage”)
android {
compileSdk = Versions.compileSdkVersion
defaultConfig {
namespace = Versions.applicationId
applicationId = Versions.applicationId
minSdk = Versions.minSdkVersion
targetSdk = Versions.targetSdkVersion
targetSdk = Versions.targetSdkVersion
versionCode = Versions.versionCode
versionName = Versions.versionName
multiDexEnabled = true
testInstrumentationRunner
= “androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner”
}
}

dependencies {
// 引入依赖
implementation(Dependencies.Junit.junit)
implementation(Dependencies.AndroidX.lifecycle_runtime_ktx)
implementation(Dependencies.AndroidX.espresso)

<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>core<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ComposeUI<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ComposeUI<span class="token punctuation">.</span>activity_compose<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ComposeUI<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_material<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ComposeUI<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui_test_manifest<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ComposeUI<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compose_ui_tooling_preview<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

}

3.2 构建库Module

若新建的是一个module，即产物是AAR或者JAR，我们可以使用moduleSetup() 构建，代码如下：

import setup.moduleSetup

plugins {
id(“com.android.library”)
kotlin(“android”)
kotlin(“kapt”)
id(“kotlin-parcelize”)
}

moduleSetup() // 使用构建module的方式构建模块

// remove warning message because of @Incubating
@Suppress(“UnstableApiUsage”)
android {
namespace = “com.otter.core.player”
sourceSets {
getByName(“main”) {
jniLibs.srcDir(“libs”)
}
}
}
kapt {
arguments {
arg(“AROUTER_MODULE_NAME”, name)
}
}

dependencies {

<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>VLC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vlc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>appcompat<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>activity_ktx<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>core<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>room<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit_ext<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>androidx_recyclerview<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>constraintlayout<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>swiperefreshlayout<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">implementation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dependencies<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AndroidX<span class="token punctuation">.</span>androidx_collection_ktx<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

}

构建库和构建应用的步骤差不多，建议读者可以去多实践下，体验一下kotlin gradle dsl带来的便利。若有高见，欢迎评论区留言哦

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Android使用Gradle kotlin dsl 优雅配置构建项目

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