多对一以及一对多问题

已于 2022-04-06 11:10:06 修改
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分类专栏： SSM 文章标签： mybatis idea java mysql
于 2021-11-15 15:43:46 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46426906/article/details/121335337
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1、多对一问题【association】

  • 对于学生这边而言，多个学生，关联一个老师【多对一】 关联

  • 对于老师而言，一个老师有很多学生【一对多】 集合

    1.1、首先需要搭建一个数据库的环境

CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
  `id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1,"秦老师"); 

CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
  CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES (1,"小明", 1); 
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES (2,"小红", 1); 
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES (3,"小张", 1); 
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES (4,"小李", 1); 
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES (5,"小王", 1);

1.2、导入lombok

<dependencies>
    <!--mysql驱动-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.23</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--mybatis-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--junit-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--在build中配置resources，来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>8</source>
                <target>8</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

1.3、新建实体类Teacher Student

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private Teacher teacher;
}

1.4、建立Mapper接口

public interface TeacherMapper {
    @Select("select * from teacher where id = #{tid}")
    Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);
}

public interface StudentMapper {
    //查询所有的学生信息，以及对应老师的信息
    public List<Student> getStudent();
    public List<Student> getStudent2();
}

1.5、建立Mapper.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<mapper namespace="com.jl.dao.TeacherMapper">
</mapper>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<mapper namespace="com.jl.dao.StudentMapper">
</mapper>

1.6、在核心配置文件中绑定注册我们的Mapper接口或文件！

<!--绑定接口-->
<mappers>
	<mapper class="com.jl.dao.TeacherMapper"></mapper>
	<mapper class="com.jl.dao.StudentMapper"></mapper>
</mappers>

1.7、测试能否成功！

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
	
        Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
        System.out.println(teacher);
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

出现过的问题：在这里插入图片描述
如果出现以上问题，只需要把jdk9换成jdk8即可，我在上面配置的pom.xml文件中已经换成jdk8了。

按照查询嵌套处理
    <!--
    思路：1查询所有的学生信息
         2.根据查询出来的学生tid，寻找对应的老师 子查询   -->
    <select id="getStudent" resultMap="Student">
        select * from student
    </select>
    <resultMap id="Student" type="com.jl.pojo.Student">
        <!--复杂的属性我们需要单独处理 对象：association 集合:collection-->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getTeacher" resultType="com.jl.pojo.Teacher">
        select * from teacher where id=#{tid}
    </select>
按照结果嵌套查询
<!--按照结果嵌套处理-->
<select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentMap">
    select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id 
    from student s,teacher t
    where s.tid=t.id;
</select>

<resultMap id="StudentMap" type="com.jl.pojo.Student">
    <result property="id" column="sid"/>
    <result property="name" column="sname"/>
    <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher" >
        <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
    </association>
</resultMap>

自己的出现的问题：

在resultMap中用com.jl.pojo.Student会报错

必须在mybatis核心配置文件中起别名

<typeAliases>
    <typeAlias type="com.jl.pojo.Teacher" alias="Teacher"/>
    <typeAlias type="com.jl.pojo.Student" alias="Student"/>
</typeAliases>

2、一对多的处理【collection】

2.1、实体类

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    //一个老师拥有多个学生
    private List<Student> students;
}

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int tid;
}

2.2、接口类

public interface TeacherMapper {
    //获取老师
    List<Teacher> teacher();
    
    //获取指定老师下的所有学生及老师的信息
    Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);
}
2.3、按照查询嵌套处理：

Mapper.xml配置文件

    <select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="Teacher">
        select * from mybetis.teacher where id=#{tid};
    </select>
    <resultMap id="Teacher" type="Teacher">
        <collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStudentByTeacherId" column="id"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
        select * from mybatis.student where tid=#{tid};
    </select>
2.4、按照结果嵌套查询：

Mapper.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<mapper namespace="com.jl.dao.TeacherMapper">

    <!--按结果嵌套查询-->
    <select id="getTeacher" resultMap="Teacher">
        select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id tid
        from student s,teacher t
        where s.tid=t.id and t.id=#{tid};
    </select>
    <!--select的resultMap的值与下面resultMap id的值相同-->
    <resultMap id="Teacher" type="Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"/>
        <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        <!--复杂的属性我们需要单独处理 对象：association 集合:collection
        javaType="" 指定属性的类型!  集合中的泛型信息,我们使用ofType获取-->
        <collection property="students" ofType="Student">
            <result property="id" column="sid"/>
            <result property="name" column="sname"/>
            <result property="tid" column="tid"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

</mapper>

2.5、测试类

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        List<Teacher> teacherList = mapper.teacher();
        for (Teacher teacher : teacherList) {
            System.out.println(teacher);
        }
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void getTeacher(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
        System.out.println(teacher);

        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

小结：

​ 1.关联：association 【多对一】
​ 2.集合：collection 【一对多】

​ 3.javaType & ofType

  • JavaType 用来指定实体类中属性的类型 ​
  • ofType 用来指定映射到List或者集合中的pojo类型，泛型中的约束类型
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