练习4.圆中四只鸭子在同一个半圆的概率——MATLAB

练习题

4.圆中四只鸭子在同一个半圆的概率
参考思路: 蒙特咔罗法 (进行N次试验，每次试验生成4个随机点，统计四点在同一个半圆的个数)相关知识点: input、if...else、for循环或while循环、rand、disp


%思路简单，易于实现，但是不优雅

N = 4;
total = 10000000;
count = 0;

for e = 1:total


    p1 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p2 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p3 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p4 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;

    % p1作为第一点计算斜率，其余点计算截距
    k = p1(2) / p1(1);
    b1 = p2(2) - k*p2(1);
    b2 = p3(2) - k*p3(1);
    b3 = p4(2) - k*p4(1);

    if(b1 >= 0 & b2 >= 0 & b3>= 0) | (b1 <= 0 & b2 <= 0 & b3<= 0)
        count = count + 1;
        continue;
    end

    % p2作为第一点计算斜率，其余点计算截距
    k = p2(2) / p2(1);
    b1 = p1(2) - k*p1(1);
    b2 = p3(2) - k*p3(1);
    b3 = p4(2) - k*p4(1);
    if(b1 >= 0 & b2 >= 0 & b3>= 0) | (b1 <= 0 & b2 <= 0 & b3<= 0)
        count = count + 1;
        continue;
    end

    % p3作为第一点计算斜率，其余点计算截距
    k = p3(2) / p3(1);
    b1 = p2(2) - k*p2(1);
    b2 = p1(2) - k*p1(1);
    b3 = p4(2) - k*p4(1);
    if(b1 >= 0 & b2 >= 0 & b3>= 0) | (b1 <= 0 & b2 <= 0 & b3<= 0)
        count = count + 1;
        continue;
    end
    %p4作为第一点计算斜率，其余点计算截距
    k = p4(2) / p4(1);
    b1 = p2(2) - k*p2(1);
    b2 = p3(2) - k*p3(1);
    b3 = p1(2) - k*p1(1);
    if(b1 >= 0 & b2 >= 0 & b3>= 0) | (b1 <= 0 & b2 <= 0 & b3<= 0)
        count = count + 1;
    end
end

res= count / total;
disp(res);


% 化简的写法
N = 4;
total = 10000000;
count = 0;

for e = 1:total

    p1 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p2 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p3 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p4 = 2*[rand ,rand] - 1;
    p =[p1;p2;p3;p4];%[4,2]

    % 依次让每个点作为第一个点，计算斜率
    for i = 1:N
        k = p(i,2) / p(i,1);
        b =[]; % 保存截距的矩阵
        % 计算截距
        for j = 1:N
            if j == i
                continue;
            else
                b = [ b, p(j,2) - k*p(j,1)];
            end
        end

        if (b(1) >= 0 & b(2) >= 0 & b(3) >= 0) | (b(1) <= 0 & b(2)<= 0 & b(3) <= 0)
            count = count + 1;
            break;
        end
    end

end

res= count / total;
disp(res);

2021年8月27日笔记