HttpServlet GenericServlet servlet一些讲解

HttpServlet基本原理：

HttpServlet 继承GenericServlet 也就是说GenericServlet中的所有方法都能被HttpServlet所使用的但是HttpServlet也有自己的方法， 比较常用的就是doPost(),doGet(),这是对jsp页面的提交请求所使用的。下面图片是GenericServlet的源码，这里是实现了接口Servlet 中的方法，也就是说你继承HttpServlet就是间接的调用Servlet中的方法，但是servlet中有一些是周期方法init（），destory() ，service()我记得好像就这三个周期方法，但是呢Service是必须执行的每次请求都会执行一次，但是呢init（）只是第一次请求时执行，这里我说init方法并不是servlet中无参的init，而是带参数的。无参的init只是一个构造方法并不是周期方法，而周期方法你不用调用它们都会自己来执行，每当你启动服务器是，他们就init就开始执行了。还有一个周期就是destory(),每当你关闭服务器之前结束，并不是和服务器一起死掉，注意之前。Servlet中还有一些方法：public String getServletInfo() ，public ServletContext getServletContext()….这些在Tomcat中说的足够详细。
这就是我对HttpServlet一些简单的理解，并不是特别的深入。

下面是GenericServlet的源代码：

/*

• Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
• contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
• this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
• The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
• (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with
• the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

• http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  

• Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
• distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS,
• WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
• See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
• limitations under the License.
  */
  package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**

• Defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet. To write an HTTP servlet for

• use on the Web, extend {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet} instead.

• GenericServlet implements the Servlet and

• ServletConfig interfaces. GenericServlet may be

• directly extended by a servlet, although it’s more common to extend a

• protocol-specific subclass such as HttpServlet.

• GenericServlet makes writing servlets easier. It provides simple

• versions of the lifecycle methods init and destroy

• and of the methods in the ServletConfig interface.

• GenericServlet also implements the log method,

• declared in the ServletContext interface.

• To write a generic servlet, you need only override the abstract

• service method.

• @version $Version$
  */
  public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig,
  java.io.Serializable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  private transient ServletConfig config;

  /**

  • Does nothing. All of the servlet initialization is done by one of the
  • init methods.
    */
    public GenericServlet() {
    // NOOP
    }

  /**

  • Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
  • is being taken out of service. See {@link Servlet#destroy}.
    */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    // NOOP by default
    }

  /**

  • Returns a String containing the value of the named
  • initialization parameter, or null if the parameter does not
  • exist. See {@link ServletConfig#getInitParameter}.
  • This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the value of the named
  • parameter from the servlet’s ServletConfig object.
  • @param name

  •        a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the
    

  •        initialization parameter
    

  • @return String a String containing the value of the

  •     initialization parameter
    

  */
  @Override
  public String getInitParameter(String name) {
  return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
  }

  /**

  • Returns the names of the servlet’s initialization parameters as an
  • Enumeration of String objects, or an empty
  • Enumeration if the servlet has no initialization parameters.
  • See {@link ServletConfig#getInitParameterNames}.
  • This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the parameter names from
  • the servlet’s ServletConfig object.
  • @return Enumeration an enumeration of String objects

  •     containing the names of the servlet's initialization parameters
    

  */
  @Override
  public Enumeration getInitParameterNames() {
  return getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
  }

  /**

  • Returns this servlet’s {@link ServletConfig} object.
  • @return ServletConfig the ServletConfig object that

  •     initialized this servlet
    

  */
  @Override
  public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
  return config;
  }

  /**

  • Returns a reference to the {@link ServletContext} in which this servlet
  • is running. See {@link ServletConfig#getServletContext}.
  • This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the context from the
  • servlet’s ServletConfig object.
  • @return ServletContext the ServletContext object passed to

  •     this servlet by the <code>init</code> method
    

  */
  @Override
  public ServletContext getServletContext() {
  return getServletConfig().getServletContext();
  }

  /**

  • Returns information about the servlet, such as author, version, and
  • copyright. By default, this method returns an empty string. Override this
  • method to have it return a meaningful value. See
  • {@link Servlet#getServletInfo}.
  • @return String information about this servlet, by default an empty string
    */
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
    return “”;
    }

  /**

  • Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
  • is being placed into service. See {@link Servlet#init}.
  • This implementation stores the {@link ServletConfig} object it receives
  • from the servlet container for later use. When overriding this form of
  • the method, call super.init(config).
  • @param config

  •        the <code>ServletConfig</code> object that contains
    

  •        configuration information for this servlet
    

  • @exception ServletException

  •            if an exception occurs that interrupts the servlet's
    

  •            normal operation
    

  • @see UnavailableException
    */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
    this.config = config;
    this.init();
    }

  /**

  • A convenience method which can be overridden so that there’s no need to
  • call super.init(config).
  • Instead of overriding {@link #init(ServletConfig)}, simply override this
  • method and it will be called by
  • GenericServlet.init(ServletConfig config). The
  • ServletConfig object can still be retrieved via
  • {@link #getServletConfig}.
  • @exception ServletException

  •            if an exception occurs that interrupts the servlet's
    

  •            normal operation
    

  */
  public void init() throws ServletException {
  // NOOP by default
  }

  /**

  • Writes the specified message to a servlet log file, prepended by the
  • servlet’s name. See {@link ServletContext#log(String)}.
  • @param msg

  •        a <code>String</code> specifying the message to be written to
    

  •        the log file
    

  */
  public void log(String msg) {
  getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + msg);
  }

  /**

  • Writes an explanatory message and a stack trace for a given
  • Throwable exception to the servlet log file, prepended by
  • the servlet’s name. See {@link ServletContext#log(String, Throwable)}.
  • @param message

  •        a <code>String</code> that describes the error or exception
    

  • @param t

  •        the <code>java.lang.Throwable</code> error or exception
    

  */
  public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
  getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + message, t);
  }

  /**

  • Called by the servlet container to allow the servlet to respond to a
  • request. See {@link Servlet#service}.
  • This method is declared abstract so subclasses, such as
  • HttpServlet, must override it.
  • @param req

  •        the <code>ServletRequest</code> object that contains the
    

  •        client's request
    

  • @param res

  •        the <code>ServletResponse</code> object that will contain the
    

  •        servlet's response
    

  • @exception ServletException

  •            if an exception occurs that interferes with the servlet's
    

  •            normal operation occurred
    

  • @exception IOException

  •            if an input or output exception occurs
    

  */
  @Override
  public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
  throws ServletException, IOException;

  /**

  • Returns the name of this servlet instance. See
  • {@link ServletConfig#getServletName}.
  • @return the name of this servlet instance
    */
    @Override
    public String getServletName() {
    return config.getServletName();
    }
    }
    学习 Javaweb的话Servlet很重要！要更多去了解，学习！