django LazyObject 懒加载机制

Django LazyObject 懒加载机制是在调用属性时，才会实列某个类

需要继承自Django 的 LazyObject 并且实现 _setup 方法

from django.utils.functional import LazyObject
# 有延迟实例化需求的类DemoObject
class DemoObject(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print("实例开始")
        self.title = 'just a demo'

class DemoLazyObject(LazyObject):

    def _setup(self):
        self._wrapped = DemoObject()


a_demo = DemoLazyObject() #此处不会实列 DemoObject 类
# print(a_demo.title)  #调用属性时会输出  实列开始

# 下面是DJANGO 的 LazyObject 类 源代码，copy下面的代码，可以应用到任何代码进行直接调用
import copy
import operator

empty = object()


def new_method_proxy(func):
    def inner(self, *args):
        if self._wrapped is empty:
            self._setup()
        return func(self._wrapped, *args)

    return inner


class LazyObject:
    """
    A wrapper for another class that can be used to delay instantiation of the
    wrapped class.

    By subclassing, you have the opportunity to intercept and alter the
    instantiation. If you don't need to do that, use SimpleLazyObject.
    """

    # Avoid infinite recursion when tracing __init__ (#19456).
    _wrapped = None

    def __init__(self):
        # Note: if a subclass overrides __init__(), it will likely need to
        # override __copy__() and __deepcopy__() as well.
        self._wrapped = empty

    __getattr__ = new_method_proxy(getattr)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if name == "_wrapped":
            # Assign to __dict__ to avoid infinite __setattr__ loops.
            self.__dict__["_wrapped"] = value
        else:
            if self._wrapped is empty:
                self._setup()
            setattr(self._wrapped, name, value)

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        if name == "_wrapped":
            raise TypeError("can't delete _wrapped.")
        if self._wrapped is empty:
            self._setup()
        delattr(self._wrapped, name)

    def _setup(self):
        """
        Must be implemented by subclasses to initialize the wrapped object.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of LazyObject must provide a _setup() method')

    # Because we have messed with __class__ below, we confuse pickle as to what
    # class we are pickling. We're going to have to initialize the wrapped
    # object to successfully pickle it, so we might as well just pickle the
    # wrapped object since they're supposed to act the same way.
    #
    # Unfortunately, if we try to simply act like the wrapped object, the ruse
    # will break down when pickle gets our id(). Thus we end up with pickle
    # thinking, in effect, that we are a distinct object from the wrapped
    # object, but with the same __dict__. This can cause problems (see #25389).
    #
    # So instead, we define our own __reduce__ method and custom unpickler. We
    # pickle the wrapped object as the unpickler's argument, so that pickle
    # will pickle it normally, and then the unpickler simply returns its
    # argument.
    def __reduce__(self):
        if self._wrapped is empty:
            self._setup()
        return (unpickle_lazyobject, (self._wrapped,))

    def __copy__(self):
        if self._wrapped is empty:
            # If uninitialized, copy the wrapper. Use type(self), not
            # self.__class__, because the latter is proxied.
            return type(self)()
        else:
            # If initialized, return a copy of the wrapped object.
            return copy.copy(self._wrapped)

    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        if self._wrapped is empty:
            # We have to use type(self), not self.__class__, because the
            # latter is proxied.
            result = type(self)()
            memo[id(self)] = result
            return result
        return copy.deepcopy(self._wrapped, memo)

    __bytes__ = new_method_proxy(bytes)
    __str__ = new_method_proxy(str)
    __bool__ = new_method_proxy(bool)

    # Introspection support
    __dir__ = new_method_proxy(dir)

    # Need to pretend to be the wrapped class, for the sake of objects that
    # care about this (especially in equality tests)
    __class__ = property(new_method_proxy(operator.attrgetter("__class__")))
    __eq__ = new_method_proxy(operator.eq)
    __lt__ = new_method_proxy(operator.lt)
    __gt__ = new_method_proxy(operator.gt)
    __ne__ = new_method_proxy(operator.ne)
    __hash__ = new_method_proxy(hash)

    # List/Tuple/Dictionary methods support
    __getitem__ = new_method_proxy(operator.getitem)
    __setitem__ = new_method_proxy(operator.setitem)
    __delitem__ = new_method_proxy(operator.delitem)
    __iter__ = new_method_proxy(iter)
    __len__ = new_method_proxy(len)
    __contains__ = new_method_proxy(operator.contains)


def unpickle_lazyobject(wrapped):
    """
    Used to unpickle lazy objects. Just return its argument, which will be the
    wrapped object.
    """
    return wrapped