公平锁、非公平锁
公平锁:非常公平,不能插队,必须先来后到
非公平锁:可以插队
可重入锁
可重入锁(递归锁)
拿到了最外层的锁,就自动获得了里面的锁
public class 可重入锁 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone phone = new Phone();
new Thread(()->{
phone.call();
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
phone.sms();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone{
public synchronized void call(){
//执行的call,但call里面包含了sms,所以获取call锁后会自动获取sms的锁
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"打电话");
sms();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public synchronized void sms(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"发短信");
}
}
执行结果:
A打电话
A发短信
B发短信
自旋锁
public class Spinlock {
AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference();
public void lock(){
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"加锁");
while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)){
}
}
public void unlock(){
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"解锁");
atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread,null);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Spinlock spinlock = new Spinlock();
new Thread(()->{
spinlock.lock();
try{
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
spinlock.unlock();
}
},"A").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{
spinlock.lock();
try{
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
spinlock.unlock();
}
},"B").start();
}
}
执行结果:
A加锁
B加锁
A解锁
B解锁
死锁
产生死锁的四个必要条件:
- 互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个线程使用
- 请求与保持条件:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放
- 不剥夺条件:进程已获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能抢行剥夺
- 循环等待条件:若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系
只要破坏其中的任意一个或多个条件就可以避免死锁
死锁测试、怎么排除死锁:
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String lockA = "lockA";
String lockB = "lockB";
new Thread(new MyThread(lockA,lockB),"a").start();
new Thread(new MyThread(lockB,lockA),"b").start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
private String lockA;
private String lockB;
public MyThread(String lockA, String lockB) {
this.lockA = lockA;
this.lockB = lockB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获取lockA"+lockA+",想要获取lockB"+lockB);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lockB){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"lockB"+lockB+",想要获取lockA"+lockA);
}
}
}
}
解决问题:
jdk bin目录下有一些工具:
1.使用jps -l定位进程号
2.使用jstack 进程号,查看进程信息,找到死锁问题
工作中排查问题:
- 日志
- 堆栈