4、原理-手写IoC
我们都知道,Spring框架的IOC是基于Java反射机制实现的,下面我们先回顾一下java反射。
4.1、回顾Java反射
Java
反射机制是在运行状态中,对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意方法和属性;这种动态获取信息以及动态调用对象方法的功能称为Java
语言的反射机制。简单来说,反射机制指的是程序在运行时能够获取自身的信息。
要想解剖一个类,必须先要获取到该类的Class对象。而剖析一个类或用反射解决具体的问题就是使用相关API (1)java.lang.Class(2)java.lang.reflect,所以,Class对象是反射的根源。
自定义类
public class Car {
// 属性
private String name;
private int age;
private String color;
// 无参数构造
public Car() {
}
// 有参数构造
public Car(String name, int age, String color) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
// 普通方法
private void run() {
System.out.println("私有方法-run.....");
}
// get和set方法
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", color='" + color + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
编写测试类
package com.atguigu.reflect;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestCar {
// 1、获取Class对象多种方式
@Test
public void test01() throws Exception {
// 1 类名.class
Class clazz1 = Car.class;
// 2 对象.getClass()
Class clazz2 = new Car().getClass();
// 3 Class.forName("全路径")
Class clazz3 = Class.forName("com.atguigu.reflect.Car");
// 实例化
Car car = (Car) clazz3.getConstructor().newInstance();
System.out.println(car);
}
// 2、获取构造方法
@Test
public void test02() throws Exception {
Class clazz = Car.class;
// 获取所有构造
// getConstructors()获取所有public的构造方法
// Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
// getDeclaredConstructors()获取所有的构造方法public private
Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor c : constructors) {
System.out.println("方法名称:" + c.getName() + " 参数个数:" + c.getParameterCount());
}
// 指定有参数构造创建对象
// 1 构造public
// Constructor c1 = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
// Car car1 = (Car)c1.newInstance("夏利", 10, "红色");
// System.out.println(car1);
// 2 构造private
Constructor c2 = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
c2.setAccessible(true);
Car car2 = (Car) c2.newInstance("捷达", 15, "白色");
System.out.println(car2);
}
// 3、获取属性
@Test
public void test03() throws Exception {
Class clazz = Car.class;
Car car = (Car) clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
// 获取所有public属性
// Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
// 获取所有属性(包含私有属性)
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if (field.getName().equals("name")) {
// 设置允许访问
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(car, "五菱宏光");
System.out.println(car);
}
System.out.println(field.getName());
}
}
// 4、获取方法
@Test
public void test04() throws Exception {
Car car = new Car("奔驰", 10, "黑色");
Class clazz = car.getClass();
// 1 public方法
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
for (Method m1 : methods) {
// System.out.println(m1.getName());
// 执行方法 toString
if (m1.getName().equals("toString")) {
String invoke = (String) m1.invoke(car);
// System.out.println("toString执行了:"+invoke);
}
}
// 2 private方法
Method[] methodsAll = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method m : methodsAll) {
// 执行方法 run
if (m.getName().equals("run")) {
m.setAccessible(true);
m.invoke(car);
}
}
}
}
4.2、实现Spring的IoC
具体的推荐看自己写的idea项目
我们知道,IoC(控制反转)和DI(依赖注入)是Spring里面核心的东西,那么,我们如何自己手写出这样的代码呢?下面我们就一步一步写出Spring框架最核心的部分。
①搭建子模块
搭建模块:guigu-spring,搭建方式如其他spring子模块
②准备测试需要的bean
添加依赖
<dependencies>
<!--junit5测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建UserDao接口
package com.atguigu.spring6.test.dao;
public interface UserDao {
public void print();
}
创建UserDaoImpl实现
package com.atguigu.spring6.test.dao.impl;
import com.atguigu.spring.dao.UserDao;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println("Dao层执行结束");
}
}
创建UserService接口
package com.atguigu.spring6.test.service;
public interface UserService {
public void out();
}
创建UserServiceImpl实现类
package com.atguigu.spring.test.service.impl;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation.Bean;
import com.atguigu.spring.service.UserService;
@Bean
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void out() {
userDao.print();
System.out.println("Service层执行结束");
}
}
③定义注解
我们通过注解的形式加载bean与实现依赖注入
创建Bean注解
package com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Bean {
}
创建 Di依赖注入注解
package com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Di {
}
说明:上面两个注解可以随意取名
④定义bean容器接口
package com.atguigu.spring.core;
public interface ApplicationContext {
Object getBean(Class clazz);
}
⑤编写注解bean容器接口实现
AnnotationApplicationContext基于注解扫描bean
package com.atguigu.spring.core;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class AnnotationApplicationContext implements ApplicationContext {
// 存储bean的容器
private HashMap<Class, Object> beanFactory = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public Object getBean(Class clazz) {
return beanFactory.get(clazz);
}
/**
* 根据包扫描加载bean
*
* @param basePackage
*/
public AnnotationApplicationContext(String basePackage) {
}
}
⑥编写扫描bean逻辑
我们通过构造方法传入包的base路径,扫描被@Bean注解的java对象,完整代码如下:
package com.atguigu.spring.core;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation.Bean;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class AnnotationApplicationContext implements ApplicationContext {
// 存储bean的容器
private HashMap<Class, Object> beanFactory = new HashMap<>();
private static String rootPath;
@Override
public Object getBean(Class clazz) {
return beanFactory.get(clazz);
}
/**
* 根据包扫描加载bean
*
* @param basePackage
*/
public AnnotationApplicationContext(String basePackage) {
try {
String packageDirName = basePackage.replaceAll("\\.", "\\\\");//这里 \\是转义字符,注意 mac 上路径用/不用转义,\\\\的意思是\\声明是转义,\\声明是\
Enumeration<URL> dirs = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(packageDirName);
while (dirs.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = dirs.nextElement();
String filePath = URLDecoder.decode(url.getFile(), "utf-8");
rootPath = filePath.substring(0, filePath.length() - packageDirName.length());
loadBean(new File(filePath));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private void loadBean(File fileParent) {
if (fileParent.isDirectory()) {
File[] childrenFiles = fileParent.listFiles();
if (childrenFiles == null || childrenFiles.length == 0) {
return;
}
for (File child : childrenFiles) {
if (child.isDirectory()) {
// 如果是个文件夹就继续调用该方法,使用了递归
loadBean(child);
} else {
// 通过文件路径转变成全类名,第一步把绝对路径部分去掉
String pathWithClass = child.getAbsolutePath().substring(rootPath.length() - 1);
// 选中class文件
if (pathWithClass.contains(".class")) {
// com.xinzhi.dao.UserDao
// 去掉.class后缀,并且把 \ 替换成 .
String fullName = pathWithClass.replaceAll("\\\\", ".").replace(".class", "");
try {
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(fullName);
// 把非接口的类实例化放在map中
if (!aClass.isInterface()) {
Bean annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(Bean.class);
if (annotation != null) {
Object instance = aClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
// 判断一下有没有接口
if (aClass.getInterfaces().length > 0) {
// 如果有接口把接口的class当成key,实例对象当成value
System.out.println("正在加载【" + aClass.getInterfaces()[0] + "】,实例对象是:"
+ instance.getClass().getName());
beanFactory.put(aClass.getInterfaces()[0], instance);
} else {
// 如果有接口把自己的class当成key,实例对象当成value
System.out.println("正在加载【" + aClass.getName() + "】,实例对象是:"
+ instance.getClass().getName());
beanFactory.put(aClass, instance);
}
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
⑦java类标识Bean注解
@Bean
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
}
@Bean
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
}
⑧测试Bean加载
package com.atguigu.spring;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.AnnotationApplicationContext;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.ApplicationContext;
import com.atguigu.spring.test.service.UserService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class SpringIocTest {
@Test
public void testIoc() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationApplicationContext("com.atguigu.spring.test");
UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.out();
System.out.println("run success");
}
}
控制台打印测试
⑨依赖注入
只要 userDao.print();
调用成功,说明就注入成功
package com.atguigu.spring.test.service.impl;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation.Bean;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation.Di;
import com.atguigu.spring.dao.UserDao;
import com.atguigu.spring.service.UserService;
@Bean
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Di
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void out() {
userDao.print();
System.out.println("Service层执行结束");
}
}
执行第八步:报错了,说明当前userDao是个空对象
⑩依赖注入实现
package com.atguigu.spring.core;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation.Bean;
import com.atguigu.spring.core.annotation.Di;
import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class AnnotationApplicationContext implements ApplicationContext {
// 存储bean的容器
private HashMap<Class, Object> beanFactory = new HashMap<>();
private static String rootPath;
@Override
public Object getBean(Class clazz) {
return beanFactory.get(clazz);
}
/**
* 根据包扫描加载bean
*
* @param basePackage
*/
public AnnotationApplicationContext(String basePackage) {
try {
String packageDirName = basePackage.replaceAll("\\.", "\\\\");
Enumeration<URL> dirs = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(packageDirName);
while (dirs.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = dirs.nextElement();
String filePath = URLDecoder.decode(url.getFile(), "utf-8");
rootPath = filePath.substring(0, filePath.length() - packageDirName.length());
loadBean(new File(filePath));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// 依赖注入
loadDi();
}
private void loadBean(File fileParent) {
if (fileParent.isDirectory()) {
File[] childrenFiles = fileParent.listFiles();
if (childrenFiles == null || childrenFiles.length == 0) {
return;
}
for (File child : childrenFiles) {
if (child.isDirectory()) {
// 如果是个文件夹就继续调用该方法,使用了递归
loadBean(child);
} else {
// 通过文件路径转变成全类名,第一步把绝对路径部分去掉
String pathWithClass = child.getAbsolutePath().substring(rootPath.length() - 1);
// 选中class文件
if (pathWithClass.contains(".class")) {
// com.xinzhi.dao.UserDao
// 去掉.class后缀,并且把 \ 替换成 .
String fullName = pathWithClass.replaceAll("\\\\", ".").replace(".class", "");
try {
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(fullName);
// 把非接口的类实例化放在map中
if (!aClass.isInterface()) {
Bean annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(Bean.class);
if (annotation != null) {
Object instance = aClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
// 判断一下有没有接口
if (aClass.getInterfaces().length > 0) {
// 如果有接口把接口的class当成key,实例对象当成value
System.out.println("正在加载【" + aClass.getInterfaces()[0] + "】,实例对象是:"
+ instance.getClass().getName());
beanFactory.put(aClass.getInterfaces()[0], instance);
} else {
// 如果有接口把自己的class当成key,实例对象当成value
System.out.println("正在加载【" + aClass.getName() + "】,实例对象是:"
+ instance.getClass().getName());
beanFactory.put(aClass, instance);
}
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
private void loadDi() {
for (Map.Entry<Class, Object> entry : beanFactory.entrySet()) {
// 就是咱们放在容器的对象
Object obj = entry.getValue();
Class<?> aClass = obj.getClass();
Field[] declaredFields = aClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : declaredFields) {
Di annotation = field.getAnnotation(Di.class);
if (annotation != null) {
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
System.out.println("正在给【" + obj.getClass().getName() + "】属性【" + field.getName() + "】注入值【"
+ beanFactory.get(field.getType()).getClass().getName() + "】");
field.set(obj, beanFactory.get(field.getType()));
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
执行第八步:执行成功,依赖注入成功