LV6TCP编程API

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已于 2022-12-08 21:37:14 修改

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分类专栏：嵌入式文章标签：网络 udp tcp/ip

于 2022-10-04 09:18:15 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46558259/article/details/127159157

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1.socket()函数

#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);

1.1参数

domain

AF_INET             IPv4 Internet protocols          ip(7)
AF_INET6            IPv6 Internet protocols          ipv6(7)
AF_UNIX, AF_LOCAL   Local communication              unix(7)
AF_NETLINK          Kernel user interface device     netlink(7)  //内核和用户空间的通信，做设备驱动时会用到    
AF_PACKET           Low level packet interface       packet(7)   //原始套接字编程方法

type

SOCK_STREAM: 流式套接字唯一对应于TCP
SOCK_DGRAM：数据报套接字，唯一对应着UDP
SOCK_RAW：原始套接字

protocol

一般填0，原始套接字编程时需填充

1.2返回值

RETURN VALUE
On success,  a  file  descriptor  for  the new socket is returned.  
On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
    成功时返回文件描述符，出错时返回为-1

2.bind() 函数

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
                socklen_t addrlen);

2.1参数

sockfd: 通过socket()函数拿到的fd

addr: struct sockaddr的结构体变量的地址

addrlen: 地址长度

struct sockaddr {
               sa_family_t sa_family;        //2字节
               char        sa_data[14];      //14字节
           }

struct sockaddr_in {
               sa_family_t    sin_family; /* address family: AF_INET */         //2字节
               in_port_t      sin_port;   /* port in network byte order */      //2字节 
               struct in_addr sin_addr;   /* internet address */                //4字节
           };

           /* Internet address. */
           struct in_addr {
               uint32_t       s_addr;     /* address in network byte order */
           };

网络TCP编程API

2.2返回值

RETURN VALUE
       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

如果是IPV6的编程，要使用struct sockddr_in6结构体（详细情况请参考man 7 ipv6）,通常更通用的方法可以通过struct sockaddr_storage来编程

3.listen()函数

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);

3.1参数

    sockfd: 通过socket()函数拿到的fd
    backlog：同时允许几路客户端和服务器进行正在连接的过程（正在三次握手）
一般填5， 测试得知,ARM最大为8

内核中服务器的套接字fd会维护2个链表：
1.正在三次握手的的客户端链表(数量=2backlog+1)
2.已经建立好连接的客户端链表（已经完成３次握手分配好了newfd）
比如：listen(fd, 5); //表示系统允许11(=25+1)个客户端同时进行三次握手

3.2返回值

RETURN VALUE
       On  success,  zero is returned.  
       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

4.accept(): 阻塞等待客户端连接请求

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);

4.1参数

sockfd: 经过前面socket()创建并通过bind(),listen()设置过的fd
addr和addrlen: 获取连接过来的客户的信息

4.2 返回值：

RETURN VALUE
       On  success,  these  system  calls return a file descriptor for the ac‐
       cepted socket (a nonnegative integer).  On error, -1 is returned, errno
       is set appropriately, and addrlen is left unchanged.

5.客户端的连接函数 connect()

       #include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
                   socklen_t addrlen);

connect()函数和服务器的bind()函数写法类似：

5.1 参数

sockfd: 通过socket()函数拿到的fd
addr: struct sockaddr的结构体变量的地址
addrlen: 地址长度

5.2 返回值

RETURN VALUE
       If  the connection or binding succeeds, zero is returned.  On error, -1
       is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

6.优化

一个进程，两次阻塞

newfd = accept (fd, NULL, NULL);

ret = read (newfd, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);

/*优化1: 让服务器程序能绑定在任意的IP上 */
#if 1
	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDY_ANY);
#else
	if (inet_pton (AF_INET, SERV_IP_ADDR, (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
		perror ("inet_pton");
		exit (1);
	}
#endif


/*优化2：通过程序获取刚建立连接的socket的客户端的IP地址和端口号 */
#if 0
	newfd = accept (fd, NULL, NULL);
	if (newfd < 0) {
		perror ("accept");
		exit (1);
	}
#else
	/*优化2：通过程序获取刚建立连接的socket的客户端的IP地址和端口号 */
	struct sockaddr_in cin;
	socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (cin);
	if ((newfd = accept (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &cin, &addrlen)) < 0) {
		perror ("accept");
		exit (1);
	}

	char ipv4_addr[16];
	if (!inet_ntop (AF_INET, (void *) &cin.sin_addr, ipv4_addr, sizeof (cin))) {
		perror ("inet_ntop");
		exit (1);
	}

	printf ("Clinet(%s:%d) is connected!\n", ipv4_addr, ntons (cin.sin_port));

#endif

//net.h
#ifndef __MAKEU_NET_H__
#define __MAKEU_NET_H__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>			/* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>			/* superset of previous */

#define SERV_PORT 5001
#define SERV_IP_ADDR "192.168.7.246"
#define BACKLOG 5

#define QUIT_STR "quit"

#endif

//server.c
#include "net.h"

int main (void)
{

	int fd = -1;
	struct sockaddr_in sin;

	/* 1. 创建socket fd */
	if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
		perror ("socket");
		exit (1);
	}

	/*2. 绑定 */
	/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
	bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));
	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sin.sin_port = htons (SERV_PORT);	//网络字节序的端口号

	/*优化1: 让服务器程序能绑定在任意的IP上 */
#if 1
	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDY_ANY);
#else
	if (inet_pton (AF_INET, SERV_IP_ADDR, (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
		perror ("inet_pton");
		exit (1);
	}
#endif
	/*2.2 绑定 */
	if (bind (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
		perror ("bind");
		exit (1);
	}
	/*3. 调用listen()把主动套接字变成被动套接字 */
	if (listen (fd, BACKLOG) < 0) {
		perror ("listen");
		exit (1);
	}
	printf ("Server starting....OK!\n");
	int newfd = -1;
	/*4. 阻塞等待客户端连接请求 */
#if 0
	newfd = accept (fd, NULL, NULL);
	if (newfd < 0) {
		perror ("accept");
		exit (1);
	}
#else
	/*优化2：通过程序获取刚建立连接的socket的客户端的IP地址和端口号 */
	struct sockaddr_in cin;
	socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (cin);
	if ((newfd = accept (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &cin, &addrlen)) < 0) {
		perror ("accept");
		exit (1);
	}

	char ipv4_addr[16];
	if (!inet_ntop (AF_INET, (void *) &cin.sin_addr, ipv4_addr, sizeof (cin))) {
		perror ("inet_ntop");
		exit (1);
	}

	printf ("Clinet(%s:%d) is connected!\n", ipv4_addr, ntons (cin.sin_port));

#endif
	/*5. 读写 */
	//..和newfd进行数据读写
	int ret = -1;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	while (1) {
		bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
		do {
			ret = read (newfd, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);
		} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
		if (ret < 0) {

			perror ("read");
			exit (1);
		}
		if (!ret) {				//对方已经关闭
			break;
		}
		printf ("Receive data: %s\n", buf);

		if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) {	//用户输入了quit字符
			printf ("Client is exiting!\n");
			break;
		}
	}
	close (newfd);

	close (fd);
	return 0;
}

//client.c
#include "net.h"

int main (void)
{
	int fd = -1;
	struct sockaddr_in sin;
	/* 1. 创建socket fd */
	if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
		perror ("socket");
		exit (1);
	}
	/*2.连接服务器 */

	/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
	bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));

	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sin.sin_port = htons (SERV_PORT);	//网络字节序的端口号
#if 0
	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr (SERV_IP_ADDR);
#else
	if (inet_pton (AF_INET, SERV_IP_ADDR, (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
		perror ("inet_pton");
		exit (1);
	}
#endif

	if (connect (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
		perror ("connect");
		exit (1);
	}

	printf ("Client staring...OK!\n");
	/*3. 读写数据 */
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	int ret = -1;
	while (1) {
		bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
		if (fgets (buf, BUFSIZ - 1, stdin) == NULL) {
			continue;
		}
		do {
			ret = write (fd, buf, strlen (buf));
		} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);

		if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) {	//用户输入了quit字符
			printf ("Client is exiting!\n");
			break;
		}
	}

	/*4.关闭套接字 */
	close (fd);
}