@ControllerAdvice 的介绍及三种用法

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@ControllerAdvice 的介绍及三种用法

浅析@ControllerAdvice

首先，ControllerAdvice本质上是一个Component，因此也会被当成组建扫描，一视同仁，扫扫扫。

然后，我们来看一下此类的注释：

这个类是为那些声明了（@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder 或 @ModelAttribute注解修饰的）方法的类而提供的专业化的@Component , 以供多个 Controller类所共享。

说白了，就是aop思想的一种实现，你告诉我需要拦截规则，我帮你把他们拦下来，具体你想做更细致的拦截筛选和拦截之后的处理，你自己通过@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder 或 @ModelAttribute这三个注解以及被其注解的方法来自定义。

初定义拦截规则：

ControllerAdvice 提供了多种指定Advice规则的定义方式，默认什么都不写，则是Advice所有Controller，当然你也可以通过下列的方式指定规则
比如对于 String[] value() default {} , 写成@ControllerAdvice("org.my.pkg") 或者 @ControllerAdvice(basePackages="org.my.pkg"), 则匹配org.my.pkg包及其子包下的所有Controller，当然也可以用数组的形式指定，如：@ControllerAdvice(basePackages={"org.my.pkg", "org.my.other.pkg"}), 也可以通过指定注解来匹配，比如我自定了一个 @CustomAnnotation 注解，我想匹配所有被这个注解修饰的 Controller, 可以这么写：@ControllerAdvice（annotations={CustomAnnotation.class})

还有很多用法，这里就不全部罗列了。

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface ControllerAdvice {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@AliasFor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"basePackages"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@AliasFor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"value"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">basePackages</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Class<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">basePackageClasses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Class<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">assignableTypes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Class<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Annotation</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">annotations</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

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1.处理全局异常

@ControllerAdvice 配合 @ExceptionHandler 实现全局异常处理

用于在特定的处理器类、方法中处理异常的注解

接收Throwable类作为参数，我们知道Throwable是所有异常的父类，所以说，可以自行指定所有异常

比如在方法上加：@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)，则表明此方法处理

IllegalArgumentException 类型的异常，如果参数为空，将默认为方法参数列表中列出的任何异常（方法抛出什么异常都接得住）。

下面的例子：处理所有IllegalArgumentException异常，域中加入错误信息errorMessage 并返回错误页面error

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public ModelAndView handleException(IllegalArgumentException e){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("error");
        modelAndView.addObject("errorMessage", "参数不符合规范!");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

 
 

 
 
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2.预设全局数据

@ControllerAdvice 配合 @ModelAttribute 预设全局数据

我们先来看看 ModelAttribute注解类的源码

/**
 * Annotation that binds a method parameter or method return value
 * to a named model attribute, exposed to a web view. Supported
 * for controller classes with {@link RequestMapping @RequestMapping}
 * methods.
 * 此注解用于绑定一个方法参数或者返回值到一个被命名的model属性中，暴露给web视图。支持在
 * 在Controller类中注有@RequestMapping的方法使用（这里有点拗口，不过结合下面的使用介绍
 * 你就会明白的)
 */
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ModelAttribute {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@AliasFor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
String <span class="token function">value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@AliasFor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"value"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
String <span class="token function">name</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">binding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

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实际上这个注解的作用就是，允许你往 Model 中注入全局属性（可以供所有Controller中注有@Request Mapping的方法使用），value 和 name 用于指定 属性的 key ，binding 表示是否绑定，默认为 true。

具体使用方法如下：

• 全局参数绑定

  • 方式一：

  @ControllerAdvice
  public class MyGlobalHandler {
      @ModelAttribute
      public void presetParam(Model model){
          model.addAttribute("globalAttr","this is a global attribute");
      }
  }
  
     
     
  
     
     
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  这种方式比较灵活，需要什么自己加就行了，加多少属性自己控制

  • 方式二：

  @ControllerAdvice
  public class MyGlobalHandler {
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ModelAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token function">presetParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"key1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"key2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value2"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"key3"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value3"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> map<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  

}

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这种方式对于加单个属性比较方便。默认会把返回值（如上面的map）作为属性的value，而对于key有两种指定方式：

1. 当 @ModelAttribute() 不传任何参数的时候，默认会把返回值的字符串值作为key，如上例的 key 则是 ”map"（值得注意的是，不支持字符串的返回值作为key）。
2. 当 @ModelAttribute("myMap") 传参数的时候，则以参数值作为key，这里 key 则是 ”myMap“。

• 全局参数使用

  @RestController
  public class AdviceController {
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"methodOne"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">methodOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Model model<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> 
      Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> modelMap <span class="token operator">=</span> model<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asMap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">)</span>modelMap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"globalAttr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"methodTwo"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">methodTwo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@ModelAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"globalAttr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> String globalAttr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> globalAttr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"methodThree"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">methodThree</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ModelMap modelMap<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> modelMap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"globalAttr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  

• }

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  这三种方式大同小异，其实都是都是从Model 中存储属性的 Map里取数据。

  3.请求参数预处理

  @ControllerAdvice 配合 @InitBinder 实现对请求参数的预处理

  再次之前我们先来了解一下 @IniiBinder，先看一下源码，我会提取一些重要的注释进行浅析

  /**
   * Annotation that identifies methods which initialize the
   * {@link org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder} which
   * will be used for populating command and form object arguments
   * of annotated handler methods.
   * 粗略翻译：此注解用于标记那些 (初始化[用于组装命令和表单对象参数的]WebDataBinder)的方法。
   * 原谅我的英语水平，翻译起来太拗口了，从句太多就用‘()、[]’分割一下便于阅读
   *
   * Init-binder methods must not have a return value; they are usually
   * declared as {@code void}.
   * 粗略翻译：初始化绑定的方法禁止有返回值，他们通常声明为 'void'
   *
   * <p>Typical arguments are {@link org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder}
   * in combination with {@link org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest}
   * or {@link java.util.Locale}, allowing to register context-specific editors.
   * 粗略翻译：典型的参数是`WebDataBinder`，结合`WebRequest`或`Locale`使用，允许注册特定于上下文的编辑 
   * 器。
   * 
   * 总结如下：
   *  1. @InitBinder 标识的方法的参数通常是 WebDataBinder。
   *  2. @InitBinder 标识的方法,可以对 WebDataBinder 进行初始化。WebDataBinder 是 DataBinder 的一
   * 		           个子类,用于完成由表单字段到 JavaBean 属性的绑定。
   *  3. @InitBinder 标识的方法不能有返回值,必须声明为void。
   */
  @Target({ElementType.METHOD})
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Documented
  public @interface InitBinder {
  	/**
  	 * The names of command/form attributes and/or request parameters
  	 * that this init-binder method is supposed to apply to.
  	 * <p>Default is to apply to all command/form attributes and all request parameters
  	 * processed by the annotated handler class. Specifying model attribute names or
  	 * request parameter names here restricts the init-binder method to those specific
  	 * attributes/parameters, with different init-binder methods typically applying to
  	 * different groups of attributes or parameters.
  	 * 粗略翻译：此init-binder方法应该应用于的命令/表单属性和/或请求参数的名称。默认是应用于所有命	   		* 令/表单属性和所有由带注释的处理类处理的请求参数。这里指定模型属性名或请求参数名将init-binder		 * 方法限制为那些特定的属性/参数，不同的init-binder方法通常应用于不同的属性或参数组。
  	 * 我至己都理解不太理解这说的是啥呀，我们还是看例子吧
  	 */
  	String[] value() default {};
  }
  
   
   
  
   
   
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  我们来看看具体用途，其实这些用途在 Controller里也可以定义，但是作用范围就只限当前Controller，因此下面的例子我们将结合 ControllerAdvice 作全局处理。

  • 参数处理

    @ControllerAdvice
    public class MyGlobalHandler {
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@InitBinder</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">processParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WebDataBinder dataBinder<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    
        <span class="token comment">/*
         * 创建一个字符串微调编辑器
         * 参数{boolean emptyAsNull}: 是否把空字符串("")视为 null
         */</span>
        StringTrimmerEditor trimmerEditor <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringTrimmerEditor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
        <span class="token comment">/*
         * 注册自定义编辑器
         * 接受两个参数{Class&lt;?&gt; requiredType, PropertyEditor propertyEditor}
         * requiredType：所需处理的类型
         * propertyEditor：属性编辑器，StringTrimmerEditor就是 propertyEditor的一个子类
         */</span>
        dataBinder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">registerCustomEditor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> trimmerEditor<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        
        <span class="token comment">//同上，这里就不再一步一步讲解了</span>
        binder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">registerCustomEditor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Date<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">CustomDateEditor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SimpleDateFormat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"yyyy-MM-dd"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    
    

  }

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  这样之后呢，就可以实现全局的实现对 Controller 中RequestMapping标识的方法中的所有 String 和Date类型的参数都会被作相应的处理。

  Controller：

  @RestController
  public class BinderTestController {
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"processParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String str<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Date date<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Exception <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"str"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"data"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> date<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span>  map<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  

  }

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  测试结果：

  
  我们可以看出，str 和 date 这两个参数在进入 Controller 的test的方法之前已经被处理了，str 被去掉了两边的空格(%20 在Http url 中是空格的意思)，String类型的 1997-1-10被转换成了Date类型。

  • 参数绑定

    参数绑定可以解决特定问题，那么我们先来看看我们面临的问题

    class Person {
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> Integer age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// omitted getters and setters.</span>
    
    

  }

  class Book {

  <span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">private</span> Double price<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token comment">// omitted getters and setters.</span>
  

  }

  @RestController
  public class BinderTestController {

  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@PostMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"bindParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person person<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Book book<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Exception <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  

  }

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  我们会发现 Person类和 Book 类都有 name属性，那么这个时候就会出先问题，它可没有那么只能区分哪个name是哪个类的。因此 @InitBinder就派上用场了：

  @ControllerAdvice
  public class MyGlobalHandler {
  <span class="token comment">/*
   * @InitBinder("person") 对应找到@RequstMapping标识的方法参数中
   * 找参数名为person的参数。
   * 在进行参数绑定的时候，以‘p.’开头的都绑定到名为person的参数中。
   */</span>
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@InitBinder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"person"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">BindPerson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WebDataBinder dataBinder<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      dataBinder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setFieldDefaultPrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"p."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  <span class="token annotation punctuation">@InitBinder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">BindBook</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WebDataBinder dataBinder<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
      dataBinder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setFieldDefaultPrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"b."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  
  

  }

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  因此，传入的同名信息就能对应绑定到相应的实体类中：

  p.name -> Person.name b.name -> Book.name

  还有一点注意的是如果 @InitBinder("value") 中的 value 值和 Controller 中 @RequestMapping() 标识的方法的参数名不匹配，则就会产生绑定失败的后果,如：

  @InitBinder(“p”)、@InitBinder(“b”)

  public void test(Person person, Book book)

  上述情况就会出现绑定失败，有两种解决办法

  第一中：统一名称，要么全叫p，要么全叫person，只要相同就行。

  第二种：方法参数加 @ModelAttribute，有点类似@RequestParam

  @InitBinder(“p”)、@InitBinder(“b”)

  public void test(@ModelAttribute(“p”) Person person, @ModelAttribute(“b”) Book book)

  如果有不足之处，欢迎在评论区评论。