until循环语句
nutil循环与while循环类似,基于一个条件。
但是,until循环的的判断条件与while的正好相反,until循环在条件为假的情况下才会继续运行。
一旦条件为真,则退出循环
语法格式如下:
until [ CONDITION ]
do
command1
command2
......
commandN
done
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until与while对比:
- until循环执行直到返回0状态
- while循环执行直到返回非0状态
- while循环执行直到返回非0状态
- until循环总是执行至少一次
来看一个栗子:
!/bin/bash
#=====================================
#
# AYTHOR:Xie_qi_chao
# FILE:untilloop.sh
# CREATED:18/03/2019
#
#=====================================
var=1
until [ $var -gt 3 ]
do
echo “The for loop is run $var times.”
var=$(( var + 1 ))
done
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此脚本运行结果如下:
[root@xieqc shell]# sh untilloop.sh
The for loop is run 1 times.
The for loop is run 2 times.
The for loop is run 3 times.
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select 循环
来看一下语法格式:
select VAR in LIST
do
command1
command2
......
commandN
done
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特点如下:
- select 语句使用bash内部变量PS3 的值作为它的提示符信息
- 打印到屏幕上的列表LIST中的每一项会在前面加上一个数字编号
- 当用户输入的数字与某一个数字编号一致时,列表中相应的项即被赋予变量VAR
- 如果 用户输入的内容为空,将重新显示列表LIST中的项和提示符信息
- 可以通过添加一个退出选项,或者Ctrl+C或者Ctrl+D组合键退出select循环
不解释,直接上脚本:
#!/bin/bash
#=======================================
#
# AUTHOR:Xie_qi_chao
# CREATED:19/03/2019 00:10
# FILE:selectloop.sh
#
#=======================================
PS3="Run command: " #定义PS3提示符
select choice in date w hostname “uname -a” Exit #指定select循环的列表
do
case $choice in
date)
echo "==================================="
echo "Current system date and time"
echo "==================================="
$choice #直接将变量的值作为命令运行
;;
w)
echo "==================================="
echo "Who is ogged on and what they are doing"
echo "==================================="
$choice
;;
hostname)
echo "==================================="
echo "Hostname:"
echo "==================================="
$choice
;;
"uname -a")
echo "==================================="
echo "System information"
echo "==================================="
$choice
;;
Exit)
echo "Bye!"
exit
;;
esac
done
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执行的结果是这样的:
[root@xieqc shell]# sh selectloop.sh
1) date
2) w
3) hostname
4) uname -a
5) Exit
Run command: 1
===================================
Current system date and time
===================================
2019年 03月 18日 星期一 23:33:16 CST
Run command: 5
Bye!
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循环控制:break continue语句
- break语句停止 循环的执行
- 语法格式 简单:break [n]
- n是嵌套循环的层级,指定n,就n级循环嵌套退出,没指定,退出状态码为0,否则退出状态码为n
上菜:
#!/bin/bash
#=======================================
#
# AUTHOR:Xie_qi_chao
# CREATED:19/03/2019 00:45
# FILE:forbreak.sh
#
#=======================================
#如果未指定参数,则打印脚本的使用方法,并返回退出状态码1
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo “Usage: $0 fikepath”; exit 1; }
#将位置参数1的值赋给变量match
match=$1
found=0
#便历目录/etc下所有的文件
for file in /etc/*
do
#如果文件的路径与指定的参数文件路径相匹配,则打印文件已找到,并退出for循环
if [ $file == "$match" ]
then
echo "The file $match was found!"
found=1
#使用break命令退出for循环
break
fi
done
[ $found -ne 1 ] && echo “The file $match not found in /etc directory”
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执行结果是这个 样子滴:
[root@xieqc shell]# sh forbreak.sh haha
The file haha not found in /etc directory
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看一个嵌套的循环退出脚本实例:
#!/bin/bash
#=======================================
#
# AUTHOR:Xie_qi_chao
# CREATED:19/03/2019 01:20
# FILE:breaknestedloop.sh
#
#=======================================
#如果未指定参数,则打印脚本的使用方法,并返回退出状态码1
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo “Usage: $0 fikepath”; exit 1; }
#将位置参数1的值赋给变量match
match=$1
found=0
for dir in /bin /usr/bin
do
#便历目录/etc下所有的文件
for file in $dir/*
do
#如果文件的路径与指定的参数文件路径相匹配,则打印文件已找到,并退出for循环
if [ $(basename $file) == "$match" ]
then
echo "The file $match was found!"
found=1
#使用break命令退出for循环
break 2
fi
done
done
[ $found -ne 1 ] && echo “The command $match not found”
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countil 语句
- 用于跳过循环体中剩余的命令直接跳转到循环体的顶部,而重新开始下一次重复
- 意思是只结束当前本次的循环
将你指定的目录下所有大写字母的文件名,改成小写。
#!/bin/bash
#=======================================
#
# AUTHOR:Xie_qi_chao
# CREATED:19/03/2019 01:40
# FILE:tolower.sh
#
#=======================================
#如果脚本未指定时,未指定参数,则打印脚本的使用方法,并返回退出状态码1
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo “Usage: $0 directory”; exit 1; }
#如果指定的目录不存在,则打印错误信息,并返回退出码1
[ ! -d $1 ] && { echo “Connot cd to the directory $1” ; exit 1; }
#如果没有成功切换到指定的目录,则打印相应的错误信息,并返回退出状态码 1
cd $1 || { echo “Connit cd to the directory $1”; exit 1; }
#遍历指定目录下的所有文件
for filename in $(ls)
do
#如果文件名不包含大小写字母,直接跳到下一次循环
if [ $filename != [[:upper:]] ]
then
#忽略 for循环体中的剩余语句直接跳到下一次循环
continue
fi
#将变量filename中的字母转换为小写
new=`echo $filename | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' `
#将文件重命名
mv $filename $new
echo "The file $filename renamed to $new"
done
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