《云计算全栈》-python篇：简单GUI程序_云计算全栈课程流程-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46575696/article/details/105221371

2 案例2：简单GUI程序
2.1 问题

创建mygui.py脚本，要求如下：

窗口程序提供三个按钮
其中两个按钮的前景色均为白色，背景色为蓝色
第三个按钮前景色为红色，背景色为红色
按下第三个按钮后，程序退出

    
    
    
    1
2
3
4

2.2 方案

1.导入tkinter模块、创建顶层窗口，顶层窗口只应该创建一次

2.添加窗口部件：用Label控件创建标签、用Butten控件来创建按钮

3.引入偏函数partial把tkinter.Button的某些参数给固定住（也就是设置默认值），返回一个新的函数，调用这个新函数重复创建按钮会更简单。对于有很多可调用对象，并且许多调用都反复使用相同参数的情况，使用偏函数比较合适。

4.创建第三个按钮需command绑定退出命令

5.最后将按钮及标签填充到界面

6.运行这个GUI应用
2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：编写脚本

    [root@localhost day06]# vim mygui.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    import tkinter
    from functools import partial
    root = tkinter.Tk()    #创建顶层窗口
    lb1 = tkinter.Label(root, text="hello world!", font = "Aria 16 bold")#创建标签
    b1 = tkinter.Button(root, bg='blue', fg='white', text="Button 1")#创建按钮
    mybutton = partial(tkinter.Button, root, bg='blue', fg='white')
    #调用新的函数时，给出改变的参数即可
    b2 = mybutton(text='Button 2')
    b3 = tkinter.Button(root, bg='red', fg='red', text='QUIT', command=root.quit)    #创建按钮，绑定了root.quit命令
    lb1.pack()    #填充到界面
    b1.pack()
    b2.pack()
    b3.pack()
    root.mainloop()    #运行这个GUI应用

实现此案例还可用以下方法，需要注意的是：

Command绑定闭包函数返回函数块，上传多个参数调用闭包函数时，内层函数利用config方法替换标签内容

<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost day06<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># vim mygui.py</span>
<span class="token comment">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> tkinter
<span class="token keyword">from</span> functools <span class="token keyword">import</span> partial
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">say_hi</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>word<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">welcome</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        lb1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config<span class="token punctuation">(</span>text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'hello %s!'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> word<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> welcome
root <span class="token operator">=</span> tkinter<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Tk<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
lb1 <span class="token operator">=</span> tkinter<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Label<span class="token punctuation">(</span>root<span class="token punctuation">,</span> text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"hello world!"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> font <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Aria 16 bold"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
mybutton <span class="token operator">=</span> partial<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tkinter<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Button<span class="token punctuation">,</span> root<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bg<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'blue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fg<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'white'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
b1 <span class="token operator">=</span> mybutton<span class="token punctuation">(</span>text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'Button 1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> command<span class="token operator">=</span>say_hi<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'tedu'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
b2 <span class="token operator">=</span> mybutton<span class="token punctuation">(</span>text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'Button 2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> command<span class="token operator">=</span>say_hi<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'达内'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
b3 <span class="token operator">=</span> tkinter<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Button<span class="token punctuation">(</span>root<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bg<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fg<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'QUIT'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> command<span class="token operator">=</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>quit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
lb1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pack<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
b1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pack<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
b2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pack<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
b3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pack<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mainloop<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

步骤二：测试脚本执行，结果如图-1、图-2、图-3所示：

[root@localhost day05]# python3  mygui.py

 
 
 
 1

在这里插入图片描述
图-1

[root@localhost day06]# python3 mygui2.py

 
 
 
 1

                                </div>
            <link href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/phoenix/mdeditor/markdown_views-60ecaf1f42.css" rel="stylesheet">
                                            <div class="more-toolbox">
            <div class="left-toolbox">
                <ul class="toolbox-list">
                    
                    <li class="tool-item tool-active is-like "><a href="javascript:;"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
                        <use xlink:href="#csdnc-thumbsup"></use>
                    </svg><span class="name">点赞</span>
                    <span class="count"></span>
                    </a></li>
                    <li class="tool-item tool-active is-collection "><a href="javascript:;" data-report-click="{&quot;mod&quot;:&quot;popu_824&quot;}"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
                        <use xlink:href="#icon-csdnc-Collection-G"></use>
                    </svg><span class="name">收藏</span></a></li>
                    <li class="tool-item tool-active is-share"><a href="javascript:;" data-report-click="{&quot;mod&quot;:&quot;1582594662_002&quot;}"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
                        <use xlink:href="#icon-csdnc-fenxiang"></use>
                    </svg>分享</a></li>
                    <!--打赏开始-->
                                            <!--打赏结束-->
                                            <li class="tool-item tool-more">
                        <a>
                        <svg t="1575545411852" class="icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5717" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="200" height="200"><defs><style type="text/css"></style></defs><path d="M179.176 499.222m-113.245 0a113.245 113.245 0 1 0 226.49 0 113.245 113.245 0 1 0-226.49 0Z" p-id="5718"></path><path d="M509.684 499.222m-113.245 0a113.245 113.245 0 1 0 226.49 0 113.245 113.245 0 1 0-226.49 0Z" p-id="5719"></path><path d="M846.175 499.222m-113.245 0a113.245 113.245 0 1 0 226.49 0 113.245 113.245 0 1 0-226.49 0Z" p-id="5720"></path></svg>
                        </a>
                        <ul class="more-box">
                            <li class="item"><a class="article-report">文章举报</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>
                                        </ul>
            </div>
                        </div>
        <div class="person-messagebox">
            <div class="left-message"><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/xie_qi_chao">
                <img src="https://profile.csdnimg.cn/B/F/6/3_xie_qi_chao" class="avatar_pic" username="xie_qi_chao">
                                        <img src="https://g.csdnimg.cn/static/user-reg-year/1x/2.png" class="user-years">
                                </a></div>
            <div class="middle-message">
                                    <div class="title"><span class="tit"><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/xie_qi_chao" data-report-click="{&quot;mod&quot;:&quot;popu_379&quot;}" target="_blank">解启超</a></span>
                                        </div>
                <div class="text"><span>发布了404 篇原创文章</span> · <span>获赞 56</span> · <span>访问量 4万+</span></div>
            </div>
                            <div class="right-message">
                                        <a href="https://im.csdn.net/im/main.html?userName=xie_qi_chao" target="_blank" class="btn btn-sm btn-red-hollow bt-button personal-letter">私信
                    </a>
                                                        <a class="btn btn-sm attented bt-button personal-watch" data-report-click="{&quot;mod&quot;:&quot;popu_379&quot;}">已关注</a>
                                </div>
                        </div>
                </div>
</article>