NSD ARCHITECTURE DAY04
1 案例1:数据分析
1.1 问题
本案例要求统计分析练习:
- 使用 客户端 在 hdfs 上创建 input 目录
- 并上传 *.txt 文件到 input 目录
- 调用集群对上传文件进行分析,统计出现次数最多的单词
1.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:词频统计
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -ls / //查看集群文件系统的根,没有内容 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /aaa //在集群文件系统下创建aaa目录 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -ls / //再次查看,有刚创建的aaa目录 Found 1 items drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-09-10 09:56 /aaa [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -touchz /fa //在集群文件系统下创建fa文件 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -put *.txt /aaa //上传*.txt到集群文件系统下的aaa目录 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -ls /aaa //查看 Found 3 items -rw-r--r-- 2 root supergroup 86424 2018-09-10 09:58 /aaa/LICENSE.txt -rw-r--r-- 2 root supergroup 14978 2018-09-10 09:58 /aaa/NOTICE.txt -rw-r--r-- 2 root supergroup 1366 2018-09-10 09:58 /aaa/README.txt [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -get /aaa //下载集群文件系统的aaa目录 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop jar \ share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.7.jar wordcount /aaa /bbb //hadoop集群分析大数据,hadoop集群/aaa里的数据存到hadoop集群/bbb下 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /bbb/* //查看集群里的数据
2 案例2:节点扩容
2.1 问题
本案例要求实现节点扩容:
- 最低配置:2CPU,2G内存,10G硬盘
- 虚拟机IP:192.168.1.54 newnode
- 增加 datanode和nodemanager
2.2 方案
另外准备两台主机,newnode和nfsgw,作为新添加的节点和网关,具体要求如表-2所示:
表-2
2.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:增加节点
1)增加一个新的节点newnode
[root@hadoop5 ~]# echo newnode > /etc/hostname //更改主机名为newnode [root@hadoop5 ~]# hostname newnode [root@newnode ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel [root@newnode ~]# mkdir /var/hadoop [root@hadoop1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.1.64 [root@hadoop1 .ssh]# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.50 hadoop1 192.168.1.51 node-0001 192.168.1.52 node-0002 192.168.1.53 node-0003 192.168.1.54 newnode [root@hadoop1 .ssh]# scp /etc/hosts 192.168.1.54:/etc/ [root@hadoop1 ~]# cd /usr/local/hadoop/ [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# vim ./etc/hadoop/slaves node-0001 node-0002 node-0003 newnode [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# for i in {51..54}; do rsync -aSH --delete /usr/local/hadoop/ \ 192.168.1.$i:/usr/local/hadoop/ -e 'ssh' & done //同步配置 [1] 1841 [2] 1842 [3] 1843 [4] 1844 [root@newnode ~]# cd /usr/local/hadoop/ [root@newnode hadoop]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode //启动
2)查看状态
[root@newnode hadoop]# jps 24439 Jps 24351 DataNode
3)设置同步带宽
[root@newnode hadoop]# ./bin/hdfs dfsadmin -setBalancerBandwidth 60000000 Balancer bandwidth is set to 60000000 [root@newnode hadoop]# ./sbin/start-balancer.sh
3 案例3:缩减集群节点
3.1 问题
本案例要求缩减集群:
- 把刚刚加入集群的newnode节点从集群中删除
- 为了能看到三种状态,先往 HDFS 上传一些文件
- 记录每台主机的数据量,然后执行迁移数据
3.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:缩减集群
1)删除节点
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves //去掉之前添加的newnode node-0001 node-0002 node-0003 [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml //在此配置文件里面加入下面四行 <property> <name>dfs.hosts.exclude</name> <value>/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/exclude</value> </property>
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/exclude
newnode
5)导出数据
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hdfs dfsadmin -refreshNodes
Refresh nodes successful
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./bin/hdfs dfsadmin -report
//查看newnode显示Decommissioned
Name: 192.168.1.64:50010 (newnode)
Hostname: newnode
Decommission Status : Decommissioned
Configured Capacity: 2135949312 (1.99 GB)
DFS Used: 4096 (4 KB)
Non DFS Used: 1861509120 (1.73 GB)
DFS Remaining: 274436096 (261.72 MB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 12.85%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Tue Mar 05 17:17:09 CST 2019
[root@newnode hadoop]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode //停止datanode
stopping datanode
[root@newnode hadoop]# ./sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager
//yarn 增加 nodemanager
[root@newnode hadoop]# ./sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop nodemanager //停止nodemanager
stopping nodemanager
[root@newnode hadoop]# ./bin/yarn node -list
//yarn 查看节点状态,还是有newnode节点,要过一段时间才会消失
Total Nodes:4
Node-Id Node-State Node-Http-Address Number-of-Running-Containers
node-0003:34628 RUNNING node-0003:8042 0
node-0002:36300 RUNNING node-0002:8042 0
newnode:42459 RUNNING newnode:8042 0
node-0001:39196 RUNNING node-0001:8042 0
4 案例4:创建账户并授权
4.1 问题
本案例要求:
- 在 namenode 和 nfsgw 添加用户 nfsuser
- 为 nfsuser 完成HDFS集群授权
- 最低配置:1cpu,1G内存,10G硬盘
- 虚拟机IP:192.168.1.55 nfsgw
4.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:基础准备
1)更改主机名,配置/etc/hosts(/etc/hosts在hadoop1和nfsgw上面配置)
[root@localhost ~]# echo nfsgw > /etc/hostname [root@localhost ~]# hostname nfsgw [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.50 hadoop1 192.168.1.51 node-0001 192.168.1.52 node-0002 192.168.1.53 node-0003 192.168.1.54 newnode 192.168.1.55 nfsgw
2)创建代理用户(hadoop1和nfsgw上面操作),以hadoop1为例子
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# groupadd -g 800 nfsuser [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# useradd -u 800 -g 800 -r -d /var/hadoop nfsuser
3)配置core-site.xml
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# ./sbin/stop-all.sh //停止所有服务 This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh Stopping namenodes on [hadoop1] hadoop1: stopping namenode node-0002: stopping datanode newnode: no datanode to stop node-0003: stopping datanode node-0001: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [hadoop1] hadoop1: stopping secondarynamenode stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager node-0002: stopping nodemanager node-0003: stopping nodemanager newnode: no nodemanager to stop node-0001: stopping nodemanager ...
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# cd etc/hadoop
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# >exclude
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# vim core-site.xml
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.nfsuser.groups</name>
<value></value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.nfsuser.hosts</name>
<value></value>
</property>
4)同步配置到node-0001,node-0002,node-0003
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# for i in {51..53}; do rsync -aSH --delete /usr/local/hadoop/ 192.168.1.$i:/usr/local/hadoop/ -e 'ssh' & done [4] 2722 [5] 2723 [6] 2724
5)启动集群
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# /usr/local/hadoop/sbin/start-dfs.sh
6)查看状态
[root@hadoop1 hadoop]# /usr/local/hadoop/bin/hdfs dfsadmin -report
5 案例5:在nfsgw上运行网关服务
5.1 问题
本案例要求在 nfsgw 上运行网关服务:
- Hadoop portmap
- Hadoop nfs3
5.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤二:NFSGW配置
1)卸载rpcbind 和 nfs-utils
[root@nfsgw ~]# yum remove -y rpcbind nfs-utils
2)安装java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel和rsync
[root@nfsgw ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel [root@hadoop1 hadoop]# rsync -avSH --delete \ /usr/local/hadoop/ 192.168.1.55:/usr/local/hadoop/ -e 'ssh'
3)创建数据根目录 /var/hadoop(在NFSGW主机上面操作)
[root@nfsgw ~]# mkdir /var/hadoop
4)创建转储目录,并给用户nfs 赋权
[root@nfsgw ~]# mkdir /var/nfstmp [root@nfsgw ~]# chown nfsuser:nfsuser /var/nfstmp
5)给/usr/local/hadoop/logs赋权(在NFSGW主机上面操作)
[root@nfsgw ~]# setfacl -m user:nfsuser:rwx /usr/local/hadoop/logs [root@nfsgw ~]# vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml <property> <name>nfs.exports.allowed.hosts</name> <value>* rw</value> </property> <property> <name>nfs.dump.dir</name> <value>/var/nfstmp</value> </property>
6)可以创建和删除即可
[root@nfsgw ~]# su - nfs [nfs@nfsgw ~]$ cd /var/nfstmp/ [nfs@nfsgw nfstmp]$ touch 1 [nfs@nfsgw nfstmp]$ ls 1 [nfs@nfsgw nfstmp]$ rm -rf 1 [nfs@nfsgw nfstmp]$ ls [nfs@nfsgw nfstmp]$ cd /usr/local/hadoop/logs/ [nfs@nfsgw logs]$ touch 1 [nfs@nfsgw logs]$ ls 1 hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop1.log yarn-root-resourcemanager-hadoop1.log hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop1.log hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop1.out yarn-root-resourcemanager-hadoop1.out hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop1.out hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop1.out.1 hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop1.out.1 SecurityAuth-root.audit [nfs@nfsgw logs]$ rm -rf 1 [nfs@nfsgw logs]$ ls
7)启动服务
[root@nfsgw ~]# /usr/local/hadoop/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --script ./bin/hdfs start portmap //portmap服务只能用root用户启动 starting portmap, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-root-portmap-nfsgw.out [root@nfsgw ~]# jps 23714 Jps 23670 Portmap
[root@nfsgw ~]# su - nfsuser
Last login: Mon Sep 10 12:31:58 CST 2018 on pts/0
[nfsuser @nfsgw ~]$ cd /usr/local/hadoop/
[nfsuser@nfsgw hadoop]$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --script ./bin/hdfs start nfs3
//nfs3只能用代理用户启动
starting nfs3, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-nfsuser-nfs3-nfsgw.out
[nfs@nfsgw hadoop]$ jps
1362 Jps
1309 Nfs3
[root@nfsgw hadoop]# jps //root用户执行可以看到portmap和nfs3
1216 Portmap
1309 Nfs3
1374 Jps
6 案例6:挂载NFS
6.1 问题
本案例要求:
- 在newnode挂载 NFS 并实现开机自启
- 想一想如何实现 NFS 的高可用?
6.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤二:NFSGW测试
1)实现客户端挂载(客户端可以用newnode这台主机)
[root@newnode ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/hadoop [root@newnode ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils [root@newnode ~]# mount -t nfs -o \ vers=3,proto=tcp,nolock,noatime,sync,noacl 192.168.1.55:/ /mnt/ //挂载 [root@newnode ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@newnode mnt]# ls aaa bbb fa system tmp [root@newnode mnt]# touch a [root@newnode mnt]# ls a aaa bbb fa system tmp [root@newnode mnt]# rm -rf a [root@newnode mnt]# ls aaa bbb fa system tmp
8)实现开机自动挂载
[root@newnode ~]# vim /etc/fstab 192.168.1.55:/ /mnt/ nfs vers=3,proto=tcp,nolock,noatime,sync,noacl,_netdev 0 0 [root@newnode ~]# mount -a [root@newnode ~]# df -h 192.168.1.26:/ 64G 6.2G 58G 10% /mnt
[root@newnode ~]# rpcinfo -p 192.168.1.55
program vers proto port service
100005 3 udp 4242 mountd
100005 1 tcp 4242 mountd
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100005 3 tcp 4242 mountd
100005 2 tcp 4242 mountd
100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs
100005 2 udp 4242 mountd
100005 1 udp 4242 mountd