打卡42天

写写C++换换脑子：

变量与常量：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define Day 7

int main() {

	//变量类型 变量名=变量初始值
	//数据类型：整型 int short long longlong  (所占字节不同)
	int a = 10;
	cout << "a =" << a << endl;

	/*常量：不可修改
	* 宏常量：#define
	* 修饰: const 修饰的变量
	*/
	cout << "一周" <<Day << "天" << endl;

	const int year = 12;
	cout << "一年" << year << "月" << endl;

	//sizeof关键字,统计数据类型（或变量）所占内存空间
	cout << "a所占内存空间：" << sizeof(a) << endl;

	/*浮点型：
		单精度float f 
		双精度double 默认双精度
		
		*/

	float f = 3.14f;
	cout << "f=" << f << endl;

	double f1 = 3.14;
	cout << "f1=" << f1 << endl;

	//科学计数法
	float f2 = 3e2;
	cout << "f2=" << f2 << endl;

	/*
	字符型：char ch = 'a'
		单引号，其中只能有一个字符
	*/
	char ch = 'a';
	cout << ch << endl; 

	//对应的ASCII编码
	cout << (int)ch << endl;   // a-97  A -65

	/*
	转义字符： \n \t \v \\ 
	*/

	cout << "hello world " << endl;
	cout << " hello world \n";
	cout << "\\" << endl;
	
	//制表符 \t
	cout << "aaa\thello world" << endl;
	cout << "aaaaa\thello world" << endl;
	cout << "aa\thello world" << endl;

	/*
	字符串：char 变量名[] = "字符串值"
	*/
	char str1[] = "hello world";
	cout << str1 << endl;

	string str2 = "hello ";
	cout << str2 << endl;


	//bool类型 true false 非0 值都代表真

	bool flag = true; //1
	cout << flag << endl;

	flag = false;  //0
	cout << flag << endl;

	//数据输入: cin >> 变量

	cout << "输入变量:" ;
	cin >> a;
	cout << a+10 << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运算符：

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

	int a;
	int b;
	cout << "输入变量"<<endl;
	cin >> a;
	cin >> b;
	cout << "a+b=" << a + b << endl;
	cout << "a*b=" << a * b << endl;
	cout << "a-b=" << a - b << endl;
	cout << "a/b=" << a / b << endl;
	cout << "取模（取余）a % b = " << a % b << endl; //两个小数不能做取模运算

	a = 10;
	b = ++a; //前置递增
	cout << a << endl;
	cout << b << endl;
	a = 10;
	b = a++;  //后置递增
	cout << a << endl;
	cout << b << endl;

	a = 10;
	b = --a; //前置递减
	cout << a << endl;
	cout << b << endl;
	a = 10;
	b = a--;  //后置递减
	cout << a << endl;
	cout << b << endl;

	//赋值运算符
	a = 10;
	a += 2;
	cout << a << endl;
	
	a = 10;
	a -= 2;
	cout << a << endl;

	a = 10;
	a *= 2;
	cout << a << endl;

	a = 10;
	a /= 2;
	cout << a << endl;

	a = 10;
	a %= 2;
	cout << a << endl;

	/*
	比较运算符：
		== != < > <= >=
		满足表达式输出1（True）
		不满足输出0（False）

	逻辑运算符：
		! 非  a为真，!a为假
		&&  与  a和b同时为真则为真
		||  或  a和b有一个为真则为真，都为假时结果为假
		
	*/


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

条件选择语句：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


/*
选择结构：
	if语句：
		单行 
			if(条件){满足条件执行的代码}
		多行 
			if(条件){满足条件执行的代码}
			else{不满足条件执行的代码}	
		多条件
			if(条件1){满足条件1执行的代码}if(条件2){满足条件2执行的代码}....else{不满足以上条件执行的代码}
	嵌套if语句
	三目运算符
	switch语句
*/

int main() {

	//单行if语句
	int score;
	cout << "输入分数：";
	cin >> score;
	if (score >= 600) {

		cout << "成绩为:" << score << endl;

	}

	//多行if语句
	cout << "输入分数：";
	cin >> score;
	if (score >= 600) 
	{
		cout << "成绩为:" << score << endl;

	}
	else 
	{ 
		cout << "成绩不足600" << endl; 
	}

	//多条件if语句
	cout << "输入分数：";
	cin >> score;
	if (score >= 600) 
	{
		cout << "成绩大于600" << endl;
	}
	else if (400 <= score < 600) 
	{

		if (score >= 500) 
		{
			cout << "成绩大于500" << endl;
		}
		else if (400 <= score) 
		{
			cout << "成绩大于400 小于500" << endl;
		}

	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "成绩小于400" << endl;
	}

	//三目运算符,返回的是变量可以继续赋值
	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;
	int c;
	c = (a > b ? a : b);
	cout << "c=" << c << endl;

	(a > b ? a : b) = 100;
	cout << "a= "<< a << endl;
	cout << "b=" << b << endl;


	//switch语句 判断条件只能为整形和字符型
	cout << "输入分数：";
	cin >> score;
	switch (score)
	{
		case 600:
			cout << "满分" << endl;
			break;
		default:
			cout << "成绩合格" << endl;
			break;

	}



	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

循环结构语句：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<ctime> 

int main()
{
	//while循环语句

	//猜数字
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); //随机数种子
	int num = rand() % 100 + 1;  //1-100随机数
	int val;
	cout << "输入你猜的数：";
	
	int a = 0;
	while (a<5)
	{
		cin >> val;

		if (val < num)
		{
			cout << "过小" << endl;
		}
		else if (val > num)
		{
			cout << "过大" << endl;
		}
		else if (val == num)
		{
			cout << "猜对了" << endl;
			break;
		}
		a ++;
		if (a == 5) 
		{
			cout << "游戏结束" << endl;
		}
	}

	//do...while 循环语句 do{循环语句} while(循环条件)

	int num = 100;
	do
	{
		int a; int b; int c;
		a = num / 100;
		b = num / 10 % 10;
		c = num % 10;
		if ( a * a* a + b * b * b + c * c * c == num)
		{
			cout <<"水仙花数：" << num << endl;
		}
		num++;

	} while (num < 1000);

	//for 循环语句 for(起始表达式;条件表达式;末尾循环体){循环语句;}

	//敲桌子游戏
	for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
	{
		if (i % 7 == 0 || i % 10 == 7 || i / 10 == 7)
		{
			cout << "敲桌子" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << i << endl; 
		}

	}

	//乘法口诀表
	for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++)
		{
			cout << j << "*" << i << "=" << i * j<<"  ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	/*跳转语句：
		break
		continue
		goto：
			goto 标记;
			标记:
	*/




	system("pause");
	return 0;
}