JDBC-快速入门和五种连接方式

快速入门

 // 将mysql.jar拷贝到libs，假如到项目中
        //1. 注册驱动
        Driver driver = new Driver();

        //2.得到连接
        // jdbc:mysql:// -> 规定好的协议，通过jdbc连接mysql
        // localhost -> ip
        // 3306 -> mysql监听的端口
        // ybj_db01 -> 连接到哪个数据库
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ybj_db02?characterEncoding=UTF-8";
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user","root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "ybj");
        // 根据url和用户密码连接数据库
        Connection connect = driver.connect(url, properties);

        //3.执行mysql
        String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'ybj','男','2000-07-13','110')";
        // statement用来执行静态sql语句并得到返回的结果
        Statement statement = connect.createStatement();
        int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql); // dml语句，返回的是影响的行数

        System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功" : "失败");

        // 4.关闭连接资源
        statement.close();
        connect.close();

五种连接方式

public class JdbcConn {
    @Test
    public void connect01() throws SQLException {
        // 静态加载
        // 静态加载：编译时就加载相关的类，如果程序中不存在该类则编译报错，依赖性太强。
        Driver driver = new Driver();
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ybj_db02?characterEncoding=UTF-8";
        // 使用properties类储存用户名和密码，底层为hashtable
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user","root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "ybj");
        Connection connect = driver.connect(url, properties);
        System.out.println(connect);
    }

    @Test
    public void connect02() throws Exception {
        // 反射加载Driver类，动态加载更灵活
        // 运行时加载相关的类，即使程序中不存在该类，但如果运行时未使用到该类，也不会编译错误，依赖性较弱。
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver)aClass.newInstance();
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ybj_db02?characterEncoding=UTF-8";
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user","root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "ybj");
        Connection connect = driver.connect(url, properties);
        System.out.println(connect);
    }

    // 使用DriverManager 管理
    @Test
    public void connect03()  throws Exception{
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ybj_db02?characterEncoding=UTF-8";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "ybj";
        // 注册driver驱动
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

    @Test
    // 使用Class.forName()自动完成注册驱动，简化代码
    public void connect04() throws  Exception {
        // 静态代码块在类加载时会执行一次
        // Driver在底层自己调用了DriverManager注册
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        // 不写也可以，因为mysql驱动5.1.6可以无需Class
        // jdk1.5以后使用JDBC4，自动调用jar包下注册
        // 但建议写上，更加明确
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ybj_db02?characterEncoding=UTF-8";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "ybj";
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

    @Test
    // 改进4，增加配置文件mysql.properties
    public void connect05() throws Exception {
        // 通过properties对象获取配置文件信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
        // 获取相关的值
        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");

        Class.forName(driver);
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(connection);

    }
}