英语写作（二）

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一、简单句的满分表达

1、被动

当汉语中出现我们、人们、大家或有人等人称代词做主语时，都可以写成被动。

被动句型推荐在第一段的最后一句话，引出文章中心时使用，或者是第三段的第一句话，文章总结的时候使用。(使用一次就够了)

举例1：我们应该孝敬父母

　　parent should be respected by us.

　　superiors are supposed to be respected by their descendants.

单词替换：

①parent----->superiors(父母，长辈，上司)/ the elderly/ senior citizens.

②should----->ought to/ be supposed to(应该做)/ be obliged to(有责任有义务做，带强制的感情色彩)

③we、us和people的替换----->human beings/ the public/ private individuals

写作时要注意单词的准确性！！1

1)我们不应该盲目追星我们------>teenagers and youngsters.

2)我们应该节约　　　　　 undergraduates(本科生)、youngsters on campus(大学生)

3)我们应该孝敬父母　　　　children/ kids/ offspring(子孙后代，单复数同形不加s)/ descendants(子孙后代)

4)人们应该讲诚信 businessmen

5)我们应该有自信　　　　　　all children and adults/ men and women in all walks(各行各业的男男女女们)

6)我们应该关注环境问题　　　　experts and professors

示例2、我们不应该盲目追星

celebrities (名人；明星) should not be pursued by youngsters.

not的替换：------never /by no means/ under no circumstances/ fail to(★)

示例3、污染很严重

environmental contamination is though very serious by increasing amount of experts and professors.

pollution-----> environmental contamination

think------> maintain/ claim/assume/ be of the opinion that/ cling to the perspective that

very-----> distinctly /remarkably/ exceedingly/ outstandingly/ strikingly/ extraordinarily [ɪksˈtrɔːdnrɪli] (选三个记忆)serious----> fatal/ grave/ severe/ fearful/ be of great severity

2、there be句型

there exists/seem/remain(都翻译成有)

示例1：

有很多的原因解释我的观点

There exist many reasons to explain my idea.

本句型推荐写在第二段的第一节话引出原因分析的时候使用，或者是第三段的最后一句话喊口号的时候使用。

Many ----a sea of/ a multitude of/ a host of / a train of /an army of 许多、大量

-----immense(巨大的) amounts of

-----numerous

Reasons---causes/factors/elements

Explain---account for /give rise to/contribute to/be responsible for 产生、导致、致使

Idea----outlook/viewpoint

3、比较句型

① as...as...和...一样 (原级的比较)

只要作文中出现形容词或副词的地方都能写出as...as..句型

本句型推荐写在第一段的最后一句话引出文章中心的时候使用，或者是第三段第一句话，文章总结的时候使用。

示例1：她很漂亮

She is as beautiful as a red rose, which managed to take away the breath of a sea of children and adults. 她能成功带走很多人的呼吸。

be动词的替换(不适合被动和现在进行时，此时be作为助动词)------

①look/taste/sound/feel...所有的感官动词都可以替换be动词 seem、 appear(好像，似乎)

②keep, remain

③become,get

④prove

Beautiful----graceful/ elegant/ attractive/ charming/ gorgeous(美丽到极致)

示例2：自信很重要

Confidence proves as important as sunshine, which plays an essential role in the normal growth of all creatures.

Important-----vital/crucial/critical/indispensable/significant

------be of great importance

示例3：过渡捕捞很严重

Sth becomes as grave as AIDS，which has threatened the health of patients or taken away their lives.

(2)the more...the more....越....越....

这个句型叫做the+adj/adv比较级+句子，the+adj/adv比较级+句子。(主将从现哟！)

the后面加形容词还是副词取决于后面这个句子的谓语动词是系动词还是实义动词，如果谓语是实义动词用副词，如果是系动词用形容词

本句型推荐写在作文的第二段分析原因的时候使用

Eg：文化交流的越频繁，经济发展越迅速

The more frequently cultures are exchanged, the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop.

可数名词永远不能单独使用，如果不确定是不是可数，加the最保险。

例句1：你爬的越高看的越远 (没有特指的一个人用one，没有特指的多个人用those)

The higher one ascends , the farther he will overlook.

(farther指真实距离的远，further指抽象距离的远)

例句2：你学习的越努力，你越容易取得成功。 (努力：diligent)

The more diligent one keeps，the more easily he will achieve glories.

一句话需要动词又没有动词用be动词;

keep是系动词后面跟形容词diligent，‘容易’是修饰‘取得’的，‘取得’是实义动词，副词修饰实义动词，使用副词easily。

例句3：越努力，越幸运。(所有人都是)

The harder all children and adult remain, the more fortunate they will become.

作业：用the more ...the more...句型写为什么做人一个有自信

(一)并列句满分表达

1、and but 句型

And------->likewise/similarly/in the meanwhile/at the same time 都翻译为‘并且’

But-------->conversely/by contrast/On the contrary/ conversely/nevertheless都翻译为‘但是’

描述图画的分类

1)一幅图

1、一幅图，一个主体，两个动作(主要/次要)

2、一幅图，两个主体，两个动作

2)两幅图

在描述图画的时候记住：除非有明显的过去时间，描述图画都用现在进行时，因为现在进行时描述更生动。

描述图画----一般现在时

描述图表----一般过去

In the picture, the goalkeeper is imagining himself exceedingly small. On the contrary, the player is assuming his rival(对手)as big as a hill.

在第一幅图画当中，温室里的花朵生长的很健康，但是在第二幅图画中，这朵花就凋零了。

In the former picture, the flower in the greenhouse is growing healthily. Conversely, in the latter one, it is dying.

And but句型推荐写在作文的第一段，描述一幅图两个主体两个动作的时候使用，或者是两幅图的时候使用。

替换Picture----> picture/cartoon/drawing/painting/caricature/photograph

作业：描述追星这幅作文

2、not only ....but also...句型

本句型推荐写在作文的第二段，分析原因的时候使用

例句1：养宠物的好处

养宠物能减少老人的孤单

Raising pets can reduce the loneliness of senior citizens.

养宠物能培养小孩子的善良

Raising pets can cultivate the kindness of kids.

合并：

Raising pets not only can educe the loneliness of senior citizens but also can cultivate the kindness of kids.

例句2：为什么应该孝敬父母

孝敬父母不但是一个中华民族的传统美德，而且是子女的法定义务。

Supporting the elderly not only keeps a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the legal responsibility of their offspring.

例句3：合作/自信/乐观/文化交流不但能够使我们交到更多的朋友，而且还能使我们取得更大的成功。

Enable sb to do sth/ have sb do sth 使某人做某事

成功、成就、荣耀：glories

表扬、嘉奖、荣誉、荣誉、成就：credits

Cooperation not only enables all children and adults to make more intimate friends but also has them achieve greater credits.

(二)复合句的满分表达

一)主语从句

l (That you never fail to fascinate me) is obvious.

It is obvious (that you never fail to fascinate me)

主语从句的满分表达就是把主语从句放到句末去，加it做形式主语。

主语从句常见的满分表达是it....that...

It proves common knowledge that....显而易见，总所周知

It proves self-evident that.... 显而易见，总所周知

It seems beyond dispute that....超越了争论---->显而易见，总所周知

It is universally acknowledged that.....显而易见，总所周知

It has been widely accepted that.... 显而易见，总所周知

It keeps my perspective that= i think that... 我认为

(选两个记忆----大作文写一个小作文写一个)

可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面来拉长句子

本句型推荐写在大作文第一段第一句话的前面，用来引出推荐的图画或图表。

更好的主语从句的变体是把it写成what，在that前面加is

Eg: What proves common knowledge is that.....

已经变成了两个从句：1、what引导的主语从句 2、that引导的宾语从句

二)同位语和同位语从句

1、名词作同位语

只要在作文中见到名词，都可以在后面加一个名词，作为它的同位语出现。

大作文最多出现两次名词作同位语。

My boyfriend, a rich businessman, really has no much time to accompany me, an attractive girl.

一个男人把贝克汉姆的名字写在他的脸上

A man，a soccer fan, is writing the name, a symbol of someone, of Beckham , an esteemed sportsman, on his face, some part of the body.

2、同位语从句

1、她长着一双大眼睛这个事实表明她是一个美女；

The evidence( that she has a pair of big eyes )manifests(表明) (that she keeps a beauty.)

同位语从句+宾语从句

2、很多女生都已经穿上了漂亮的花裙子，这个事实表明夏天已经来了。

The evidence that a host of girls have wore beautiful colorful skirts manifests that summer is around the corner.

......样的事实表明了.....

本句型推荐写在作文第二段分析原因的时候使用，它的模板是the evidence that + 一个表示原因的简单句+ manifests that +文章的中心句。

为什么说污染很严重？

我们再也见不到明亮的星星和皎洁的月光了，这个事实表明污染变得越来越严重了。

The evidence that bright stars and pure moonlights fail to be detected manifests that environment contamination is becoming increasing fatal.

例句：国产车的价格变得越来越低了，这个事实表明国产车在中国更受到欢迎

他们能够享受到一个更高质量的生活水平，这个事实表明，更多的农民涌入大城市。

The evidence that farmers can enjoy high quality life, manifest that most of them would like to swarm into big cities.

三)定语和定语从句

1、定语的成分

①形容词修饰名词

②介词短语修饰名词

③名词修饰名词

④非谓语动词修饰名词

⑤从句

2、定语和定语从句在写作中的使用

只要在作文中见到名词，都可以给它加一个定语的成分，把句子拉长。但是在第一段描述图画的时候只要见到名词通常都要加定语，使图画的描述显得很生动。

一个....美国小女孩正穿着少数民族的传统服饰

An American girl young as well as graceful is wearing Chinese conventional costume which keeps pervasive(遍布的，普遍的)in the south of China.

Immense amounts of children and adults sitting in seperate rooms are surfing on the internet.

描述图画的万能定语：

1、好的:

用as well as连接两个形容词：cute，lovely，little； graceful elegant； young；

Enthusiastic，passionate； confident，energetic；

Aggressive ambitious

Who looks distinctly impressive to readers(给读者留下深刻印象的--->万能定从)

2、坏的:

Fat, cruel, ugly

Negative, dispassioned 消极悲观的

Terrible, disgusting，disgraceful 不好的

Who looks rather less impressive to readers.

3、定语从句的满分表达

他是一个色狼是显而易见的

He looks like a lady-killer, which has been widely accepted.

定语从句的满分表达就是which可以引导修饰前面整个句子的定语从句，和前面的句子用逗号隔开。

定语从句的满分表达可以写在作文中任何一个陈述句后面，但是推荐写在中文第二段某个比较短的原因后面用来拉长句子。

1)which leaves us a deep impression

2)which provokes the public’s widespread concerns.

3)which brings up the unnecessary/unexpected trouble

4)which gives rise to dreadful consequences

国产车的价格变得越低，越多的人愿意买国产车

The lower the price of cars made in China becomes, the more Chinese would like to purchase them, which leaves businessmen a deep impression.

四)状语和状语从句

1、什么是状语

只要在句子中见到一下的一坨东西就是状语：adv，时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，结果，目的，伴随，比较状语

2、状语在写作中的使用

中文中的任何一句话都可以加给它加一个状语的成分把句子拉长，但是在第一段描述图画或图表的时候一定要加状语，使图画或图表的描述更完整。

描述图画的万能状语

In the center of the vivid picture.

描述原因的万能状语推荐写在那个原因的中间作为插入语使用

1、as every one can see it. 显而易见，总所周知

2、With the rapid advance of science and technology.

3、In our contemporary society目前

4、In the general routine of everyday living在我们日常生活中

3、状语从句的满分表达

①让步状语从句

Although

Although引导的让步状语从句可以写在作文中任何一句话的旁边，但是推荐写在第二段分析原因的时候使用。

第二段原因分析句型已经讲了：the more..the more../not only...but also.../同位语从句/although引导的让步状语从句

第二段第一句话用there be 引出原因分析

为什么不应该盲目追星？

例句：盲目追星会影响青少年的身心健康影响：exert great influence on

Pursuing celebrities blindly might exert great influence on physical and mental health of youngsters on campus although their singing sounds touching.

发展中国家的人变得越来越富有了

Private individuals from developing nations are becoming increasingly wealthy although

Although 引导的万能状语是：

Although many people fail to pay attention the issue. 虽然很多人还没有关注到这个问题

Pay attention to 的替换(记两个)

关注，重视:

Place great emphasis on;

Attach great importance to;

Shed light on;

Pour attention into

problem替换：issue phenomenon现象 subject话题 the current situation现状

② so...that... 如此...以至于....

只要作文中出现形容词或副词的地方，都能写成so...that...句型,但是推荐写在第一段的最后一句话引出文章中心的时候使用或者是第三段的第一句话文章总结的时候使用。

已经推荐过被动，as .... as， so...that....可以写在第一段最后一句话和第三段第一句话

生命如此短暂,以至于如何的度过都是一种浪费

Life proves so short that it is a waste how to spend it.

Sth keeps so vital that the problem should have been brought into the limelight. 带到聚光灯下

Sth becomes so fatal that the problem should have been brought into the limelight.引起我们关注

③分词作状语把分词放在句中的主谓之间作为插入语使用

I hate you, i will kill you.(x)

Hating you , i will kill you.(分词作状语)

I, hating you, will kill you.(★)

本句型推荐写在作文的第一段，描述一幅图一个主体两个动作的时候使用。

它的模板是：

sb(定语)，doing sth1.(次要)+定/状，is doing sth2(主要)+定/状

A boy is smiling, a boy is rushing to the destination

------>

A boy confident as well as vigorous(充满活力), smiling in the center of the vivid cartoon, is rushing to the destination which becomes a new start.

文化火锅

The hotpot delicious as well as health, smoking in the center of the vivid cartoon, is full of cultures from different nation in the world.

(一)英语的特殊结构的满分表达

一)插入语：

以下都是万能的插入语，可以插在任何一句话的主谓之间

本句型推荐写在第一段的最后一句话，第二段的第一句话或者是第三段第一句话的主谓之间

Needless to say显而易见，总所周知

In my judgement

To my knowledge

Exactly speaking

To tell the truth

To put it in another way换句话说

I suppose我认为

As i see it==in my opinion

As we all know

二)双重否定

Never fail to 从来没失败过...---->没有意思表示强调(谓语)，可以写在任何一个肯定句的主谓之间

双重否定推荐写在：同插入语(第一段的最后一句话，第二段的第一句话或者是第三段第一句话)用了双重否定就别用插入语了

三)强调句型

It is...that... 唯一不能强调谓语

Eg：

I love the girl in a restaurant

有很多的原因解释这种现象：

There exist numerous factors here to account for the phenomenon.

---->It is to account for the phenomenon that there exist numerous factors here .

作文中所有的句子都可以写成强调句型，但是推荐写在：同上(第一段的最后一句话，第二段的第一句话或者是第三段第一句话)

四)修辞

1、比喻

Confidence is to humans as water is to fish. 自信对于人类来说就相当于水对于鱼来说一样

sth很重要。(confident可替换)

Sth1 is to 人

Sth proves to 人 as solid foundation is to high skyscrapers.就像坚固的地基对高楼大厦同样重要

As the foundation is to high skyscrapers.

As mothers are to little babies.

As the infinite blue sky is to flaying eagles.

就像剧烈的病痛对于晚期的病人同样严重

Sth proves to 人 as intensive pain is to incurably ill patients

as horrible nightmares are to innocent kids.

比如：就像经济危机对于一个国家的经济发展一样严重。

xxx很严重

本句型推荐写在第一段的最后一句话引出文章中心的时候使用或者是第三段第一句话文章总结的时候时候。

这个图画告诉我们一个道理就是城镇化进程对一个国家就像坚固的地基对高楼大厦同样重要

2、排比

总之我们应该采取措施

Action is supposed to be adopted quickly, effective and actively

It is quickly, effective and actively that action is supposed to be adopted

定语从句的排比：

本句型推荐写在第三段最后一句话喊口号的时候使用(罗斯福那句话)

五)虚拟语气

1、if 引导的虚拟语气

如果你要远行，我会掩上所有的窗户

If you travel to a long distance , i will close all my windows.

--->if you traveled to a long distance , i would close all my windows.

本句型推荐写在作文第二段最后一句话，反面论证的时候使用，或者是第三段的第一句话文章总结的时候使用。

如果每个人都沉迷于网络 abandon oneself to doing sth沉迷于做某事

If every one of teenager and youngster abandoned himself to surfing on the internet, he would pay a heavy price in the near future(万能). 单复数不一致问题 (every用单数)

Be indulged in 沉溺(迷)于做某事

Be addicted to

abandon oneself to doing sth

If every university student were indulged in surfing on the internet, it would be hard for them to graduate smoothly.

It is imperative/ essential/ urgent that... ...很紧急，很重要

本句型推荐写在作文第三段具体措施的时候使用。

让父母采取措施(很多人都会写政府)

从小教育孩子支持国货是很重要的 should+V原表示虚拟

It is urgent that kids should be educated/inspired to support Chinese goods

六)倒装

把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式

1、否定词放句首用倒装

①我从来不是一个彪悍外向的女人。

I am never a woman tough and outgoing.

Never am i a woman tough and outgoing.

②他不但看起来很贫穷，而且事实上他的内心也很贫穷

He not only looks poor but also in fact is poor in his mind.

Not only does he looks poor but also in fact is poor in his mind.

③Respecting parents keeps not only a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring.

--->not only does respecting parents keep a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring.

④Confidence not only can make you find more happiness in your life but also can have you make more friends.

--->not only can confidence make you find more happiness in your life but also can have you make more friends.

2、so...that...的倒装

把so引导的部分放句首用倒装

我妈妈很善良

My ma is so kind that she will never kill an ant.

--->So kind is my mother that she will never kill an ant.

我很开心

I am so delighted that i cannot help laughing at midnight.

So delight am i that i cannot help laughing at midnight.

Sth keeps so significant/fearful that the issue should have been brought into the limelight.

---> so fearful/significant does sth keep that the issue should have been brought into the limelight.

3、only+状语放句首用倒装

只有通过采取这些措施，这个问题才能得到改善。

Only by taking those action can the issue be improvement a lot.

只有这个问题得到改善，人们才能安居乐业

[Only when the issue can be improved a lot ]can the common lead a happy and comfortable life.

三、段落：段落的论证方式

段落论证方式也就是写作无话可说的时候怎么办。

1、定义和解释

什么是追星？

Pursuing stars is a social trend which means that we listen to their songs, we buy their CDs and we imitate their hairstyle when we have passion for them. (排比主语句式最好一致)

什么叫孝敬父母？好事----一个中华民族传统美德

坏事----全世界普遍存在的问题/话题

Supporting the elderly is a Chinese conventional virtue(传统美德)which means that we cook for them, we buy gift for them and we wash feet for them when they become gradually old.

定义和解释用在第一个原因分析

A server global issue

An active/ negative mentality心态

Sth1 is sth2 a Chinese tradition virtue + which means that+三个并列简单句

A hot social topic (主语一致)

A social pervasive trend普遍趋势

+ when引导的时间状语从句

污染是什么？