satlstack 数据系统组件
1.SaltStack数据系统
SaltStack有两大数据系统,分别是:
- Grains
- Pillar
2. SaltStack数据系统组件
2.1 SaltStack组件之Grains
Grains
是SaltStack
的一个组件,其存放着minion启动时收集到的信息。
Grains
是SaltStack
组件中非常重要的组件之一,因为我们在做配置部署的过程中会经常使用它,Grains
是SaltStack
记录minion
的一些静态信息的组件。可简单理解为Grains
记录着每台minion
的一些常用属性,比如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络信息等。我们可以通过grains.items
查看某台minion
的所有Grains
信息。
Grains的功能:
- 收集资产信息
Grains应用场景:
- 信息查询
- 在命令行下进行目标匹配
- 在top file中进行目标匹配
- 在模板中进行目标匹配
模板中进行目标匹配请看:https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/pillar/
信息查询实例:
//列出所有的key和value
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.items
192.168.200.147:
----------
biosreleasedate:
07/22/2020
biosversion:
6.00
cpu_flags:
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ss
- ht
- syscall
- nx
- pdpe1gb
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- arch_perfmon
- nopl
- xtopology
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- cpuid
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- ssse3
- fma
- cx16
- pcid
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- movbe
- popcnt
- tsc_deadline_timer
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- abm
- 3dnowprefetch
- cpuid_fault
- invpcid_single
- pti
- ssbd
- ibrs
- ibpb
- stibp
- fsgsbase
- tsc_adjust
- bmi1
- avx2
- smep
- bmi2
- invpcid
- rdseed
- adx
- smap
- clflushopt
- xsaveopt
- xsavec
- xgetbv1
- xsaves
- arat
- md_clear
- flush_l1d
- arch_capabilities
cpu_model:
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-9300H CPU @ 2.40GHz
cpuarch:
x86_64
cwd:
/
disks:
- sr0
dns:
----------
domain:
ip4_nameservers:
- 192.168.200.2
ip6_nameservers:
nameservers:
- 192.168.200.2
options:
search:
- localdomain
sortlist:
domain:
efi:
False
efi-secure-boot:
False
fqdn:
node1
fqdn_ip4:
- 192.168.200.147
fqdn_ip6:
- fe80::1968:9343:fc27:ceca
- fe80::4f7c:18b3:7c7c:c8bf
fqdns:
- node1
gid:
0
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
vmware
groupname:
root
host:
node1
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
ens160:
00:0c:29:da:ff:45
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
id:
192.168.200.147
init:
systemd
ip4_gw:
192.168.200.2
ip4_interfaces:
----------
ens160:
- 192.168.200.147
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
ip6_gw:
False
ip6_interfaces:
----------
ens160:
- fe80::4f7c:18b3:7c7c:c8bf
- fe80::1968:9343:fc27:ceca
lo:
- ::1
ip_gw:
True
ip_interfaces:
----------
ens160:
- 192.168.200.147
- fe80::4f7c:18b3:7c7c:c8bf
- fe80::1968:9343:fc27:ceca
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
ipv4:
- 127.0.0.1
- 192.168.200.147
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::1968:9343:fc27:ceca
- fe80::4f7c:18b3:7c7c:c8bf
kernel:
Linux
kernelparams:
|_
- BOOT_IMAGE
- (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
|_
- root
- /dev/mapper/rhel-root
|_
- ro
- None
|_
- crashkernel
- auto
|_
- resume
- /dev/mapper/rhel-swap
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- rhel/root
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- rhel/swap
|_
- rhgb
- None
|_
- quiet
- None
kernelrelease:
4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
kernelversion:
#1 SMP Fri Mar 27 14:35:58 UTC 2020
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF-8
defaultlanguage:
zh_CN
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
timezone:
EDT
localhost:
node1
lsb_distrib_codename:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 (Ootpa)
lsb_distrib_id:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
lsb_distrib_release:
8.2
lvm:
----------
rhel:
- root
- swap
machine_id:
a48a7d7c14d9496ba7c8db879eb7319b
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
192.168.200.142
mdadm:
mem_total:
1800
nodename:
minion
num_cpus:
4
num_gpus:
1
os:
RedHat
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
Ootpa
osfinger:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux-8
osfullname:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
osmajorrelease:
8
osrelease:
8.2
osrelease_info:
- 8
- 2
path:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
pid:
1596
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efHww
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python3.6
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python36.zip
- /usr/lib64/python3.6
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
pythonversion:
- 3
- 6
- 8
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
3004
saltversioninfo:
- 3004
selinux:
----------
enabled:
False
enforced:
Disabled
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d a7 af e1 bc 72 91-12 b1 97 9b d1 da ff 45
server_id:
542807568
shell:
/bin/sh
ssds:
- nvme0n1
swap_total:
5119
systemd:
----------
features:
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy
version:
239
systempath:
- /usr/local/sbin
- /usr/local/bin
- /usr/sbin
- /usr/bin
transactional:
False
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
afa74d56-bce1-9172-12b1-979bd1daff45
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.3.4
//只查询所有的grains的key
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.ls
192.168.200.147:
- biosreleasedate
- biosversion
- cpu_flags
- cpu_model
- cpuarch
- cwd
- disks
- dns
- domain
- efi
- efi-secure-boot
- fqdn
- fqdn_ip4
- fqdn_ip6
- fqdns
- gid
- gpus
- groupname
- host
- hwaddr_interfaces
- id
- init
- ip4_gw
- ip4_interfaces
- ip6_gw
- ip6_interfaces
- ip_gw
- ip_interfaces
- ipv4
- ipv6
- kernel
- kernelparams
- kernelrelease
- kernelversion
- locale_info
- localhost
- lsb_distrib_codename
- lsb_distrib_id
- lsb_distrib_release
- lvm
- machine_id
- manufacturer
- master
- mdadm
- mem_total
- nodename
- num_cpus
- num_gpus
- os
- os_family
- osarch
- oscodename
- osfinger
- osfullname
- osmajorrelease
- osrelease
- osrelease_info
- path
- pid
- productname
- ps
- pythonexecutable
- pythonpath
- pythonversion
- saltpath
- saltversion
- saltversioninfo
- selinux
- serialnumber
- server_id
- shell
- ssds
- swap_total
- systemd
- systempath
- transactional
- uid
- username
- uuid
- virtual
- zfs_feature_flags
- zfs_support
- zmqversion
//查询某个key的值,比如想获取ip地址
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.get hostnae
192.168.200.147:
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.get ip4_interfaces
192.168.200.147:
----------
ens160:
- 192.168.200.147
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.get ip4_interfaces:ens160
192.168.200.147:
- 192.168.200.147
目标匹配实例:
用Grains
来匹配minion
:
//在所有RedHat系统中执行命令
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:
'192.168.200.147':
- web.nginx.install
'os:RedHat':
- match: grain
- database.mariadb.install
[root@master base]# salt -G 'os:RedHat' state.highstate
自定义Grains的两种方法:
- minion配置文件,在配置文件中搜索grains
- 在/etc/salt下生成一个grains文件,在此文件中定义(推荐方式)
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....
grains:
重生之:
- 我是熊可他爹
.......
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.items
.......
transactional:
False
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
afa74d56-bce1-9172-12b1-979bd1daff45
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.3.4
重生之:
- 我是熊可他爹
//不重启的定义Grains
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
重生之: 徐猛是道格耳
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' saltutil.sync_grains
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' grains.items
.....
uuid:
afa74d56-bce1-9172-12b1-979bd1daff45
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.3.4
重生之:
徐猛是道格耳
2.2 SaltStack组件之Pillar
Pillar也是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一,是数据管理中心,经常配置states在大规模的配置管理工作中使用它。Pillar在SaltStack中主要的作用就是存储和定义配置管理中需要的一些数据,比如软件版本号、用户名密码等信息,它的定义存储格式与Grains类似,都是YAML格式。
在Master配置文件中有一段Pillar settings选项专门定义Pillar相关的一些参数:
//配置
[root@master base]# vim /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
[root@master base]# vim /etc/salt/master
[root@master base]# mkdir /srv/piller
[root@master base]# systemctl restart salt-master.service
默认Base环境下Pillar的工作目录在/srv/pillar目录下。若你想定义多个环境不同的Pillar工作目录,只需要修改此处配置文件即可。
Pillar的特点:
- 可以给指定的minion定义它需要的数据
- 只有指定的人才能看到定义的数据
- 在master配置文件里设置
[root@master base]# salt '*' pillar.items
master:
----------
192.168.200.145:
----------
192.168.200.146:
----------
192.168.200.147:
----------
默认pillar
是没有任何信息的,如果想查看信息,需要在 master 配置文件上把 pillar_opts
的注释取消,并将其值设为 True
[root@master base]# vim /etc/salt/master
# master config file that can then be used on minions.
pillar_opts: True
....
//重启master并查看pillar的信息
[root@master base]# salt '*' pillar.items
192.168.200.147:
----------
master:
----------
__cli:
salt-master
__role:
master
allow_minion_key_revoke:
True
archive_jobs:
False
auth_events:
True
auth_mode:
1
auto_accept:
False
azurefs_update_interval:
60
cache:
localfs
cache_sreqs:
True
cachedir:
.......
pillar自定义数据:
在master的配置文件里找pillar_roots可以看到其存放pillar的位置
[root@master piller]# cd base/
[root@master base]# ls
nginx.sls top.sls
[root@master base]# cat nginx.sls
{% if grains['os'] == 'RedHat' %}
webserver: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'CentOS' %}
webserver: nginx
{% endif %}
//定义top file入口文件
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:
'192.168.200.147':
- nginx
[root@master base]# salt '*' pillar.items
192.168.200.147:
----------
webserver:
httpd
master:
----------
192.168.200.145:
----------
192.168.200.146:
----------
[root@master base]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/nginx/install.sls
nginx-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: {{ pillar['webserver'] }}
nginx-service:
service.running:
- name: {{ pillar['webserver'] }}
- enable: true
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
192.168.200.145:
----------
ID: mariadb-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: mariadb-server
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 16:10:55.574038
Duration: 1112.796 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mariadb-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 16:10:56.690152
Duration: 70.354 ms
Changes:
Summary for 192.168.200.145
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.183 s
master:
----------
ID: mariadb-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: mariadb-server
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 04:10:57.056956
Duration: 994.459 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mariadb-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 04:10:58.053975
Duration: 72.909 ms
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.067 s
192.168.200.146:
----------
ID: mariadb-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: mariadb-server
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 16:10:56.701788
Duration: 1407.126 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mariadb-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 16:10:58.112526
Duration: 67.226 ms
Changes:
...........
2.3 Grains与Pillar的区别
存储位置 | 类型 | 采集方式 | 应用场景 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grains | minion | 静态 | minion启动时采集 可通过刷新避免重启minion服务 | 1.信息查询 2.在命令行下进行目标匹配 3.在top file中进行目标匹配 4.在模板中进行目标匹配 |
Pillar | master | 动态 | 指定,实时生效 | 1.目标匹配 2.敏感数据配置 |