Java发送邮件

CV高级工程师001

已于 2022-05-10 15:58:35 修改

阅读量1.4k

点赞数 1

分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java web servlet

于 2021-05-19 14:03:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46745445/article/details/117027276

版权

Java 专栏收录该内容

11 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

发送邮件

发送邮件：SMTP协议

接收邮件：POP3协议

一、发送简单邮件

1、导入两个jar包

activation-1.1.1.jar
mail-1.4.7.jar

2、编写代码

package com.xin;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @version 1.0
 * @ClassName MailDemo01
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author TangDexin
 * @Date 2021/5/18 15:40
 **/
// 发送一封简单的邮件
public class MailDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com");// 设置QQ有效服务器
        prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");// 设置邮件发送协议
        prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");// 需要验证用户名密码

        // 关于QQ邮箱，还需要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        // 使用JavaMail发送邮件的五个步骤

        // 1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象
        // QQ才有，其它邮箱没有
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new PasswordAuthentication("邮箱账号", "授权码");
            }
        });
        // 开启debug模式，这样就可以看到程序发送邮件的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        // 2、通过session得到transport对象
        Transport ts = session.getTransport();

        // 3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮箱服务器
        ts.connect("smtp.qq.com", "邮箱账号", "授权码");

        // 4、创建邮件
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("发件人邮箱","发件人名称"));/邮件发件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱"));//收件人
        message.setSubject("只包含文本的简单邮件");// 邮件标题
        message.setContent("<h1 style='color:red'>hello，world！</h1>", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        // 5、发送邮件
        ts.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());

        // 6、关闭连接
        ts.close();
    }
}

二、发送带图片邮件

package com.xin;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @version 1.0
 * @ClassName MailDemo01
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author TangDexin
 * @Date 2021/5/18 15:40
 **/
// 发送一封简单的邮件
public class MailDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com");// 设置QQ有效服务器
        prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");// 设置邮件发送协议
        prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");// 需要验证用户名密码

        // 关于QQ邮箱，还需要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        // 使用JavaMail发送邮件的五个步骤

        // 1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象
        // QQ才有，其它邮箱没有
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new PasswordAuthentication("邮箱账号", "授权码");
            }
        });
        // 开启debug模式，这样就可以看到程序发送邮件的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        // 2、通过session得到transport对象
        Transport ts = session.getTransport();

        // 3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮箱服务器
        ts.connect("smtp.qq.com", "邮箱账号", "授权码");

        // 4、创建邮件
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("发件人邮箱","发件人名称"));//指明邮件发件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱"));//收件人
        message.setSubject("只包含文本的简单邮件");// 邮件标题


        // 准备图片数据
        MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
        // 图片需要经过数据处理   DataHandler：数据处理
        DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("F:\\ideaProjects\\javaweb\\文件上传\\mail-java\\src\\1.png"));
        image.setDataHandler(dh);
        image.setContentID("bz.jpg");//给图片设置一个ID

        // 准备正文数据
        MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
        text.setContent("这是一封带图片的邮件<img src='cid:bz.jpg'>","text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //描述数据关系
        MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
        mm.addBodyPart(text);
        mm.addBodyPart(image);
        mm.setSubType("related");

        //设置到消息中，保存修改
        message.setContent(mm);
        message.saveChanges();


        // 5、发送邮件
        ts.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());

        // 6、关闭连接
        ts.close();
    }
}

三、模拟注册网站邮箱，注册成功后自动发送一封注册成功邮件

1、导入依赖 pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.activation/activation -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
    <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.mail/mail -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
    <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>

2、编写前端表单

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${ pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
    用户名: <input type="text" name="username"><br/>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
    邮箱: <input type="text" name="email"><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>

3、编写实体类

package com.xin.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @version 1.0
 * @ClassName User
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author TangDexin
 * @Date 2021/5/19 11:21
 **/

public class User implements Serializable {

    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
}

4、编写servlet类

package com.xin.servlet;

import com.xin.entity.User;
import com.xin.utils.Sendmail;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @version 1.0
 * @ClassName RegisterServlet
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author TangDexin
 * @Date 2021/5/19 10:32
 **/

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String email = request.getParameter("email");

        User user = new User(username, password, email);

        //用户注册成功之后，给用户发送一封邮件
        //我们使用线程来专门发送邮件，防止出现耗时，和网站注册人数过多的情况
        Sendmail send = new Sendmail(user);
        // 启动线程
        send.start();

        // 注册用户
        request.setAttribute("message", "注册成功");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

5、编写utils工具类（开启一个线程实现发送邮件）

package com.xin.utils;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import com.xin.entity.User;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @version 1.0
 * @ClassName Sendmail
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author TangDexin
 * @Date 2021/5/19 11:25
 **/

public class Sendmail extends Thread {

    //用于给用户发送邮件的邮箱
    private String from = "10086@qq.com";
    //邮箱的用户名
    private String username = "10086@qq.com";
    //邮箱的密码
    private String password = "...";
    //发送邮件的服务器地址
    private String host = "smtp.qq.com";

    private User user;

    public Sendmail(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Properties prop = new Properties();
            prop.setProperty("mail.host", host);// 设置QQ有效服务器
            prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");// 设置邮件发送协议
            prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");// 需要验证用户名密码

            // 关于QQ邮箱，还需要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

            // 1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象
            javax.mail.Session session = javax.mail.Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication("10086@qq.com", "授权码");
                }
            });
            // 开启debug模式，这样就可以看到程序发送邮件的运行状态
            session.setDebug(true);

            // 2、通过session得到transport对象
            Transport ts = session.getTransport();

            // 3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮箱服务器
            ts.connect(host, username, password);

            // 4、创建邮件
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));//指明邮件发件人
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));//收件人
            message.setSubject("用户注册邮件");// 邮件标题

            String info = "恭喜您注册成功，您的用户名是：" + user.getUsername() + "您的密码是：" + user.getPassword();

            message.setContent(info, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            message.saveChanges();

            // 5、发送邮件
            ts.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());

            // 6、关闭连接
            ts.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

6、配置servlet映射 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xin.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>