Prometheus+grafana监控 k8s集群

在k8s集群中使用node-exporter、prometheus、grafana对集群进行监控

node-exporter组件负责收集节点上的metrics监控数据，并将数据推送给prometheus, prometheus负责存储这些数据

grafana将这些数据通过网页以图形的形式展现

prometheus的架构图:

包含组件：

• prometheus server: 主要负责数据采集和存储，提供promQL查询语言支持。prometheus是一个时序数据库，将采集到的监控数据按照时间序列的方式存储到本地磁盘。

• Push Gateway: 支持临时性job主动推送指标的中间网关。

• PromDash： 使用rails开发的dashboard，用于可视化指标数据。

• Exporters: 负责监控机器运行状态，提供被监控组件信息的 HTTP 接口被叫做 exporter。

• 直接采集： exporter内置了prometheus支持，直接向prometheus暴露数据端点。

• 间接采集：原不支持prometheus。通过prometheus提供的clien library编写的目标监控采集程序。

• Altermanager: 从 Prometheus server 端接收到 alerts 后，会进行去除重复数据，分组，并路由到对收的接受方式，发出报警。常见的接收方式有：电子邮件，企业微信，钉钉 , webhook

• WebUI: Prometheus内置一个简单的Web控制台，可以查询指标，查看配置信息或者Service Discovery等，实际工作中，查看指标或者创建仪表盘通常使用Grafana，Prometheus作为Grafana的数据源；9090提供图形化界面功能。

promethues 的各个组件基本都是用 golang 编写,对编译和部署十分友好.并且没有特殊依赖.基本都是独立工作。

工作原理：

• Prometheus server 定期从配置好的 jobs 或者 exporters 中拉 metrics，或者接收来自 Pushgateway 发过来的 metrics，或者从其他的 Prometheus server 中拉 metrics。

• Prometheus server 在本地存储收集到的 metrics，并运行已定义好的 alert.rules，记录新的时间序列或者向 Alertmanager 推送警报。

• Alertmanager 根据配置文件，对接收到的警报进行处理，发出告警。

• 在图形界面中，可视化采集数据。

开始部署工作：

环境准备：K8S集群已部署kube-dns或者coredns

master/node节点环境部署

所有node节点下载监控所需镜像

# docker pull prom/node-exporter # docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.0.0 # docker pull grafana/grafana:4.2.0

用daemonset方式部署 node-exporter

master操作

node-exporter.yaml

# mkdir k8s-prometheus # cd k8s-prometheus # cat node-exporter.yaml --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: node-exporter namespace: kube-system labels: k8s-app: node-exporter spec: selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: node-exporter template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: node-exporter spec: containers: - image: prom/node-exporter name: node-exporter ports: - containerPort: 9100 protocol: TCP name: http --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: k8s-app: node-exporter name: node-exporter namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - name: http port: 9100 nodePort: 31672 protocol: TCP type: NodePort selector: k8s-app: node-exporter # kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml

部署prometheus组件

master操作

rbac-setup.yaml

# cat rbac-setup.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: prometheus rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: - nodes - nodes/proxy - services - endpoints - pods verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] - apiGroups: - extensions resources: - ingresses verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] - nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"] verbs: ["get"] --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: prometheus namespace: kube-system --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: prometheus roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: prometheus subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: prometheus namespace: kube-system # kubectl apply -f rbac-setup.yaml

configmap的形式管理prometheus组件的配置文件

configmap.yaml

# cat configmap.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: prometheus-config namespace: kube-system data: prometheus.yml: | global: scrape_interval: 15s evaluation_interval: 15s scrape_configs: - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: endpoints scheme: https tls_config: ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name] action: keep regex: default;kubernetes;https - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: node scheme: https tls_config: ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token relabel_configs: - action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+) - target_label: __address__ replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443 - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name] regex: (.+) target_label: __metrics_path__ replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: node scheme: https tls_config: ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token relabel_configs: - action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+) - target_label: __address__ replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443 - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name] regex: (.+) target_label: __metrics_path__ replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: endpoints relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape] action: keep regex: true - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme] action: replace target_label: __scheme__ regex: (https?) - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path] action: replace target_label: __metrics_path__ regex: (.+) - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port] action: replace target_label: __address__ regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+) replacement: $1:$2 - action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+) - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] action: replace target_label: kubernetes_namespace - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name] action: replace target_label: kubernetes_name - job_name: 'kubernetes-services' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: service metrics_path: /probe params: module: [http_2xx] relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe] action: keep regex: true - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - target_label: __address__ replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115 - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+) - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] target_label: kubernetes_namespace - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name] target_label: kubernetes_name - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: ingress relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe] action: keep regex: true - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path] regex: (.+);(.+);(.+) replacement: ${1}://${2}${3} target_label: __param_target - target_label: __address__ replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115 - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+) - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] target_label: kubernetes_namespace - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name] target_label: kubernetes_name - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods' kubernetes_sd_configs: - role: pod relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape] action: keep regex: true - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path] action: replace target_label: __metrics_path__ regex: (.+) - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port] action: replace regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+) replacement: $1:$2 target_label: __address__ - action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+) - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] action: replace target_label: kubernetes_namespace - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name] action: replace target_label: kubernetes_pod_name # kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml

Prometheus deployment

prometheus.deploy.yml

# cat prometheus.deploy.yml --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: name: prometheus-deployment name: prometheus namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: prometheus template: metadata: labels: app: prometheus spec: containers: - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0 name: prometheus command: - "/bin/prometheus" args: - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml" - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus" - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h" ports: - containerPort: 9090 protocol: TCP volumeMounts: - mountPath: "/prometheus" name: data - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus" name: config-volume resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 100Mi limits: cpu: 500m memory: 2500Mi serviceAccountName: prometheus volumes: - name: data emptyDir: {} - name: config-volume configMap: name: prometheus-config # kubectl apply -f prometheus.deploy.yml

Prometheus service

prometheus.svc.yml

# cat prometheus.svc.yml --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: app: prometheus name: prometheus namespace: kube-system spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 9090 targetPort: 9090 nodePort: 30003 selector: app: prometheus #kubectl apply -f prometheus.svc.yml

部署 grafana 组件

grafana deployment

grafana-deploy.yaml

# mkdir ../grafana # cd ../grafana # cat grafana-deploy.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: grafana-core namespace: kube-system labels: app: grafana component: core spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: grafana template: metadata: labels: app: grafana component: core spec: containers: - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0 name: grafana-core imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent # env: resources: # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class limits: cpu: 100m memory: 100Mi requests: cpu: 100m memory: 100Mi env: # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password. - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED value: "true" - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED value: "false" # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE # value: Admin # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards: # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED # value: "true" readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /login port: 3000 # initialDelaySeconds: 30 # timeoutSeconds: 1 volumeMounts: - name: grafana-persistent-storage mountPath: /var volumes: - name: grafana-persistent-storage emptyDir: {} # kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml

grafana service

grafana-svc.yaml

# cat grafana-svc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: grafana namespace: kube-system labels: app: grafana component: core spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 3000 selector: app: grafana component: core # kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml

grafana ingress

grafana-ing.yaml

# cat grafana-ing.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: grafana namespace: kube-system spec: rules: - host: k8s.grafana http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: grafana servicePort: 3000 # kubectl apply -f grafana-ing.yaml

WEB界面：

查看node-exporte

http://任一节点iP:31672/metrics

prometheus对应的nodeport端口为30003

通过访问 节点任一IP:30003/targets

可以看到prometheus已经成功连接上了k8s的apiserver（状态全部为UP）

通过端口进行granfa访问

先通过kubectl get svc -n kube-system 查看grafana 3000端口对应分到的nodeport

浏览器访问 节点任一IP:nodeport 如下我分到的是nodeport是32539

默认用户名密码均为admin

#kubectl get svc -n kube-system NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE grafana NodePort 10.96.240.149 <none> 3000:32539/TCP 4h25m kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 2d22h metrics-server ClusterIP 10.96.138.32 <none> 443/TCP 44h node-exporter NodePort 10.96.144.176 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 4h56m prometheus NodePort 10.96.235.128 <none> 9090:30003/TCP 4h48m

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/

可获取模板id来创建监控模板，推荐个315先。