matplotlib学习笔记（二）

导入模块

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

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gca函数 获取当前Axes对象

ax = plt.gca()

set_color函数 设置边框颜色

ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')  #把右边框设置为无色

set_position函数 移动边框

ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))

annotate函数 添加标注

plt.annotate(s='str', xy, xytext, *args, **kwargs)
s为文本，xy为被注释点的位置，xytext为文本位置，xycoords使用被注释对象的坐标系统(默认)

arrowprops关键字设置箭头属性

plt.annotate(r'$y=sin(x)$',xy=[np.pi,0],xytext=[4.5,0.5],fontsize=15,
             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=.2'))

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例：绘制y=sin(x)函数图像

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(-2*np.pi,2*np.pi,0.1)
y = np.sin(x)
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
plt.plot(x,y)

#添加x,y坐标刻度标签
plt.xticks([-2*np.pi,-np.pi,0,np.pi,2*np.pi],
            [r'$-2\pi$',r'$-\pi$',r'$0$',r'$\pi$',r'$2\pi$'])
plt.yticks([-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1],
           ['$-1$','$-0.5$','$0$','$0.5$','$1$'])

#添加函数注释
plt.annotate(r'$y=sin(x)$',xy=[np.pi,0],xycoords='data',xytext=[4.5,0.5],fontsize=15,
             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=.2'))

#取消上、右边框
ax=plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')

#坐标轴原点设在(0,0)位置
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))

plt.show()

 结果