二进制部署kubernetes1.18

角色	IP	组件
k8s-erjinzhi-master	192.168.7.32	kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-erjinzhi-node1	192.168.7.147	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd
k8s-erjinzhi-node2	192.158.6.194	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd

1.4 操作系统初始化配置

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.7.32 k8s-erjinzhi-master
192.168.7.147 k8s-erjinzhi-node1
192.168.6.194 k8s-erjinzhi-node2
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

二、部署Etcd集群

Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障。

节点名称	IP
etcd-1	192.168.7.32
etcd-2	192.168.7.147
etcd-2	192.168.6.194

2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具

cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master节点。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.2 生成Etcd证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

创建工作目录：

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} 
cd TLS/etcd

自签CA：

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem

2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

创建证书申请文件：

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.7.32",
"192.168.7.147",
"192.168.6.194"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem

2.3 从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址：https://github.com/etcd.io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.4 部署Etcd集群

以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3.

1. 创建工作目录并解压二进制包

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2. 创建etcd配置文件

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.7.32:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.7.147:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.6.194:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一

ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

3. systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4. 拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

6. 将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.7.147:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.7.147:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.6.194:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.6.194:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务
器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.7.32:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.7.32:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.7.147:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.6.194:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上。

7. 查看集群状态

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.7.32:2379,https://192.168.7.147:2379,https://192.168.6.194:2379" endpoint health

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

三、安装Docker

下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装，用yum安装也一样。

3.1 解压二进制包

wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin

3.2 systemd管理docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.3 创建配置文件

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

3.4 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

四、部署Master Node

4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

cat > ~/TLS/k8s/ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ~/TLS/k8s/ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem

2. 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书

创建证书申请文件：

cd TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.7.32",
"192.168.7.147",
"192.168.6.194",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem

4.2 从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183

注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker Node 二进制文件。

4.3 解压二进制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

4.4 部署kube-apiserver

1. 创建配置文件

cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --etcd-servers=https://192.168.7.32:2379,https://192.168.7.147:2379,https://192.168.6.194:2379 --bind-address=192.168.7.32 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.7.32 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"

注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。

--logtostderr：启用日志

---v：日志等级

--log-dir：日志目录

--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址

--bind-address：监听地址

--secure-port：https安全端口

--advertise-address：集群通告地址

--allow-privileged：启用授权

--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段 -

-enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块

--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理

--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制

--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件

--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围

--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书

--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书

--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书 -

-audit-log-xxx：审计日志

2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

3. 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制

TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kubeapiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由 apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

创建上述配置文件中token文件：

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组

token也可自行生成替换：

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

4. systemd管理apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

6. 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

4.5 部署kube-controller-manager

1. 创建配置文件

cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --leader-elect=true --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --allocate-node-cidrs=true --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"

--master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。

--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver 保持一致

2. systemd管理controller-manager

cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

4.6 部署kube-scheduler

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

--master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。

--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

2. systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

4. 查看集群状态

所有组件都已经启动成功，通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：

kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。

五、部署Worker Node

下面还是在Master Node上操作，即同时作为Worker Node

5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

在所有worker node创建工作目录：

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

从master节点拷贝：

scp -r kubernetes 192.168.7.147:/root/
#所有work节点：
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin

5.2 部署kubelet

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/mystorage8/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

--hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一

--network-plugin：启用CNI --kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver

--bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书

--config：配置参数文件

--cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录

--pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.7.32:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致


# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件路径：

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg

4. systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

5.3 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群

# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr

# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-p81MJJEjnwUKHOSJ_xnKX485dd9GfKdt8e1vm14sLVQ
# 查看节点
kubectl get node

注：由于网络插件还没有，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady

5.4 部署kube-proxy

1. 创建配置文件

cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"

2. 配置参数文件

cat  /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24

3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

生成kube-proxy证书：

# 切换工作目录
cd TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem

生成kubeconfig文件：

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.7.32:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件指定路径：

cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

4. systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5.5 部署CNI网络

先准备好CNI二进制文件：

下载地址：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-l inux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz

解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：

mkdir /opt/cni/bin -p
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

部署CNI网络：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/mystorage8/flannel:v0.22.2#g" kube-flannel.yml

默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为docker hub镜像仓库。

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -A

kubectl get node

部署好网络插件，Node准备就绪。

5.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet

cat  apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes



kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

5.7 新增加Worker Node

1. 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点

在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点192.168.7.147/192.168.6.194

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.7.147:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service
root@192.168.7.147:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.6.194:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.6.194:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

2. 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件

rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除重新生成。

3. 修改主机名:

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

4. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5. 在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请

kubectl get csr


kubectl certificate approve node-csr-GOz7b_SOmgl5ZZ1kmw8SVg8CBztqe5YjDgLH5hRRkVw

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-w0qpurAXvO9Rj22C0DR7tMnTBfHQ1YaOIDJd8LWwpzQ

6. 查看Node状态

kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 65m v1.18.3
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 12m v1.18.3
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 81s v1.18.3

六、高可用架构（扩容多Master架构）

Kubernetes作为容器集群系统，通过健康检查+重启策略实现了Pod故障自我修复能力，通过调度算法实现将Pod分布式部署，监控其预期副本数，并根据Node失效状态自动在正常Node启动Pod，实现了应用层的高可用性。

针对Kubernetes集群，高可用性还应包含以下两个层面的考虑：Etcd数据库的高可用性和Kubernetes Master组件的高可用性。而Etcd我们已经采用3个节点组建集群实现高可用，本节将对Master节点高可用进行说明和实施。

Master节点扮演着总控中心的角色，通过不断与工作节点上的Kubelet和kube-proxy进行通信来维护整个集群的健康工作状态。如果Master节点故障，将无法使用kubectl工具或者API任何集群管理。

Master节点主要有三个服务kube-apiserver、kube-controller-mansger和kube-scheduler，其中kube-controller-mansger和kube-scheduler组件自身通过选择机制已经实现了高可用，所以Master高可用主要针对kube-apiserver组件，而该组件是以HTTP API提供服务，因此对他高可用与Web服务器类似，增加负载均衡器对其负载均衡即可，并且可水平扩容。

6.1 新主机部署docker（与上述第三点相同）

#更改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-erjinzhi-master2
bash
#下载docker
yum  -y install wget
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar xf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
#systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

6.2 部署Master Node（192.168.6.102）

新Master内容与已部署的Master1节点所有操作一致。所以我们只需将Master1节点所有K8s文件拷贝过来，再修改下服务器IP即可。

1. 创建etcd证书目录在Master2（192.168.6.102）创建etcd证书目录：

mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl

2. 拷贝文件（Master1操作）

拷贝Master1节点K8s所有涉及文件和etcd证书：

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.6.102:/opt
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.6.102:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl root@192.168.6.102:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* root@192.168.6.102:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl root@192.168.6.102:/usr/bin

3. 删除证书文件（Master2操作）

删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件：

rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

4. 修改配置文件IP和主机名（Master2操作）

修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件为本地IP：

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
...
--bind-address=192.168.6.102 \
--advertise-address=192.168.6.102 \
...

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
...
--hostname-override=k8s-master2
...

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
...
hostnameOverride: k8s-master2
...

5. 启动设置开机启动（Master2操作）

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy

6. 查看集群状态

kubectl get cs

7. 批准kubelet证书申请

kubectl get csr

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-rTrIX5H3YpEbmt-C-vg-9LmI4om7PGK1iMjGjT8uV1I

kubectl get node -o wide

6.3 部署Nginx负载均衡器

kube-apiserver高可用架构图：

涉及软件：

Keepalived是一个主流高可用软件，基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备，在上述拓扑中， Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移（偏移VIP），例如当Nginx主节点挂掉，VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点，从而保证VIP一直可用，实现Nginx高可用。 Nginx是一个主流Web服务和反向代理服务器，这里用四层实现对apiserver实现负载均衡。

1. 安装软件包（主/备）

yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived nginx-all-modules.noarch -y

2. Nginx配置文件（主/备一样）

cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 四层负载均衡，为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
stream {
log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 192.168.7.32:6443; # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 192.168.6.102:6443; # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
}
server {
listen 16443; # 由于nginx与master节点复用，这个监听端口不能是6443，否则会冲突
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
location / {
}
}
}
EOF

3. keepalived配置文件（Nginx Master）

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的
priority 100 # 优先级，备服务器设置 90
advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虚拟IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.7.188/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF

vrrp_script：指定检查nginx工作状态脚本（根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移） virtual_ipaddress：虚拟IP（VIP）

检查nginx状态脚本：

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

4. keepalived配置文件（Nginx Backup）

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.7.188/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF

上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态脚本：

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

注：keepalived根据脚本返回状态码（0为工作正常，非0不正常）判断是否故障转移。

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived

6. 查看keepalived工作状态

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether fa:16:3e:79:d7:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.7.32/23 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 72793sec preferred_lft 72793sec
    inet 192.168.7.188/24 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe79:d7f0/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:b1:6b:98:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default 
    link/ether 36:f9:bf:7c:40:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.244.0.0/32 scope global flannel.1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::34f9:bfff:fe7c:4092/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: cni0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether e6:1a:c4:88:73:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.244.0.1/24 brd 10.244.0.255 scope global cni0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e41a:c4ff:fe88:7346/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，在eth0网卡绑定了192.168.7.188 虚拟IP，说明工作正常。

7. Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试

关闭主节点Nginx，测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。

在Nginx Master执行 pkill nginx
在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP

8. 访问负载均衡器测试

找K8s集群中任意一个节点，使用curl查看K8s版本测试，使用VIP访问：

curl -k https://192.168.7.188:6443/version
{
  "major": "1",
  "minor": "18",
  "gitVersion": "v1.18.20",
  "gitCommit": "1f3e19b7beb1cc0110255668c4238ed63dadb7ad",
  "gitTreeState": "clean",
  "buildDate": "2021-06-16T12:51:17Z",
  "goVersion": "go1.13.15",
  "compiler": "gc",
  "platform": "linux/amd64"
}

可以正确获取到K8s版本信息，说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程：curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

到此还没结束，还有下面最关键的一步。

6.4 修改所有Worker Node连接LB VIP

试想下，虽然我们增加了Master2和负载均衡器，但是我们是从单Master架构扩容的，也就是说目前所有的Node组件连接都还是Master1，如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器，那么Master还是单点故障。因此接下来就是要改所有Node组件配置文件中的连接apiserver IP：

角色	IP
k8s-erjinzhi-master	192.168.7.32
k8s-erjinzhi-master2	192.168.6.102
k8s-erjinzhi-node1	192.168.7.147
k8s-erjinzhi-node2	192.168.6.194

也就是通过kubectl get node命令查看到的节点。

在上述所有Worker Node执行：

sed -i 's#192.168.7.32:6443#192.168.7.188:6443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl restart kube-proxy

检查节点状态：

kubectl get node

至此，一套完整的Kubernetes高可用集群部署完成。

`Liar`

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二进制部署kubernetes1.18

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址。Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障。ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token。
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