Python中的正则表达式
在日常的开发中,python作为一门十分重要的语言,越来越受人们青睐,在python正则表达式使用也是十分广泛,本篇博客就来详细讲一讲python中的正则表达式,也算复习一遍。
直接上例子,通俗易懂
1. 泛匹配
import re
content = 'Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^Hello.*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group())
print(result.span())
结果
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 41), match='Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>
Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo
(0, 41)
2. 匹配目标
import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^Hello\s(\d+)\sWorld.*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.span())
结果
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 40), match='Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>
1234567
(0, 40)
3. 贪婪匹配
import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*(\d+).*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
结果
<re.Match object; span=(0, 40), match='Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>
7
4. 非贪婪匹配
import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
结果
<re.Match object; span=(0, 40), match='Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>
1234567
5. 匹配模式
import re
content = '''Hello 1234567 World_This
is a Regex Demo
'''
result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*?Demo$', content, re.S)
print(result.group(1))
结果
1234567
6. 转义
案例1
import re
content = 'price is $5.00'
result = re.match('price is $5.00', content)
print(result)
结果
None
案例2
import re
content = 'price is $5.00'
result = re.match('price is \$5\.00', content)
print(result)
结果
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 14), match='price is $5.00'>
7. re.search
扫描整个字符串并返回第一个成功的匹配
import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
result = re.search('Hello.*?(\d+).*?Demo', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
结果
<re.Match object; span=(13, 53), match='Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>
1234567
re.findall
搜索字符串,以列表形式返回全部能匹配的子串。
import re
html = '''<div id="songs-list">
<h2 class="title">经典老歌</h2>
<p class="introduction">
经典老歌列表
</p>
<ul id="list" class="list-group">
<li data-view="2">一路上有你</li>
<li data-view="7">
<a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">沧海一声笑</a>
</li>
<li data-view="4" class="active">
<a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">往事随风</a>
</li>
<li data-view="6"><a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">光辉岁月</a></li>
<li data-view="5"><a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">记事本</a></li>
<li data-view="5">
<a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君">但愿人长久</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>'''
results = re.findall('<li.*?>\s*?(<a.*?>)?(\w+)(</a>)?\s*?</li>', html, re.S)
print(results)
for result in results:
print(result[1])
结果
[('', '一路上有你', ''), ('<a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">', '沧海一声笑', '</a>'), ('<a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">', '往事随风', '</a>'), ('<a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">', '光辉岁月', '</a>'), ('<a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">', '记事本', '</a>'), ('<a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君">', '但愿人长久', '</a>')]
一路上有你
沧海一声笑
往事随风
光辉岁月
记事本
但愿人长久
9. re.sub
替换字符串中每一个匹配的子串后返回替换后的字符串。
import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
content = re.sub('(\d+)', r'\1 8910', content)
print(content)
结果
Extra stings Hello 1234567 8910 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings
以上就是python正则表达式的应用方法,欢迎大家来补充。